Identification of Polyphenolic Compounds in Edible Wild Fruits Grown in the North-West of Italy by Means of HPLC-DAD-ESI
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Identification of Polyphenolic Compounds in Edible Wild Fruits Grown in the North-West of Italy by Means of HPLC-DAD-ESI HRMS Michael Zorzi 1 & Francesco Gai 2
&
Claudio Medana 1 & Riccardo Aigotti 1 & Pier Giorgio Peiretti 2
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The popularity of edible wild fruits has increased in industrialized countries due to their composition and positive effects. The aim of this study has been to characterize the polyphenolics and anthocyanins of black mulberry (Morus nigra L.), cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.), elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.), hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna L.), lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) and rose hip (Rosa canina L.) harvested in the north-west of Italy by means of HPLC-DAD-ESI HRMS in positive ion mode. Although there is an abundant amount of literature related to the polyphenolics of cultivated fruit, a new type of comparison has here been conducted between wild and cultivated fruits on their polyphenolic content. The HPLC-DAD-ESI HRMS method has detected 64 different polyphenolic molecules and it can be used to perform qualitative and quantitative analyses. Furthermore, the cornelian cherry and elderberry samples showed the highest polyphenolic compound levels. The quercetin glycosylated compounds showed the highest percentage of flavonols in most of the analyzed wild fruits. Keywords Phytochemicals . Polyphenolics . Flavonols . Anthocyanins . HPLC-HRMS . Wild fruits
Introduction Edible wild fruits are widely appreciated because of their potential health benefits and nutritional quality [1], due to the bioactive compounds contained in these fruits [2]. They have gained visibility in industrialized countries because of their high antioxidant activity, linked to their polyphenolic and anthocyanin molecules [3]. The edible wild fruits targeted in this project comprised: black mulberry (Morus nigra L.), elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.), lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.), cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.), hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna L.) and rose hip (Rosa canina L.).
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-020-00830-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Francesco Gai [email protected] 1
Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
2
Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Italian National Research Council, Grugliasco, Italy
Fruits, such as cornelian cherries, are often exploited in traditional medicine and cuisine [4, 5], and they are superior to many commercially grown small fruits in terms of antioxidative capacity and antioxidant concentration [4, 6, 7]. According to Liu et al. [8] and Fan and colleagues [9], lingonberry exhibits the highest antiproliferative properties of all the wild fruits, while black mulberry and elderberry are widely used in natural medicine because of their therapeutic properties and their high nutritional value,
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