Identification of Risk Factors for Casualty in Building Fires
In this paper, risk factors of casualty in building fires which can be used in risk assessment have been identified by two methods. One is event tree analysis (ETA) method; the other is fault tree analysis (FTA) method. Combined with Fire Statistical Year
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Identification of Risk Factors for Casualty in Building Fires Chun-hua Yu, Li-ping Tian, and Zeng-chang Zhao
Abstract In this paper, risk factors of casualty in building fires which can be used in risk assessment have been identified by two methods. One is event tree analysis (ETA) method; the other is fault tree analysis (FTA) method. Combined with Fire Statistical Yearbook of China and literatures, the reasons of casualty in building fires were analyzed with 109 cases happened in China from 2001 to 2010. Six types of risk factors have been seek out from a list of basic matters which had been produced through the cases used the two methods above, and these factors will be adapt to the modern complex building constructions. The results will have important implications for fire prevention planning and fire management in the future. Keywords Building fires • Casualty • Event tree analysis • Fault tree analysis • Risk identification
54.1 Introduction In recent decades, urban population, the city area and urbanization level increase very quickly in China. Many large commercial buildings, high-rise buildings and underground buildings come forth. These constructions are characterized by large space, dense crowd and heavy fire load which can give off amount of poisonous smoke when burning. Crowded people could be injured or killed simultaneously
C. Yu () • L. Tian School of Management, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China e-mail: [email protected] Z. Zhao Langfang Fire Detachment, Langfang, China E. Qi et al. (eds.), The 19th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-37270-4 54, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
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once fire happens. Therefore, reasonable fire safety design is very important to ensure life safety. In China, during the past years, fire safety design and management must comply with prescriptive codes, such as National Standards for Fire-Safety Design of Buildings (GBJ16-87) (Fire Safety Bureau, Ministry of Public Security 1993; Ministry of Construction, Ministry of Public Security 1999). However, GBJ16-87 is a prescriptive code which is not suitable to the fire safety design of those new-style, complex and special buildings. Thus, performance-based fire protection design is employed for fire safety design in buildings. China has carried out some work on performance-based fire protection design and developed it for fire safety design practice. In general, fire risk assessment is the foundation of performance-based fire protection design, and appropriate performance-based fire protection design cannot be well implemented without reasonable fire risk assessment. In this paper, six types of factors have been identified to apply to the fire risk assessment, they are factors related to the building status, factors related to fire protection system, factors related to evacuation system, factors related to personal traits, factors related to fire safety management and factors related to external rescue groups.
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