Identification of surface polysaccharides in akinetes, heterocysts and vegetative cells of Anabaena cylindrica using flu
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Identification of surface polysaccharides in akinetes, heterocysts and vegetative cells of Anabaena cylindrica using fluorescein-labeled lectins Yeyan Qiu1 · Shengni Tian2 · Liping Gu1 · Michael Hildreth1 · Ruanbao Zhou1,3 Received: 18 June 2018 / Revised: 10 August 2018 / Accepted: 22 August 2018 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract In response to environmental changes, Anabaena cylindrica differentiate three cell types: vegetative cells for photosynthesis, heterocysts for nitrogen fixation, and akinetes for stress survival. Cell-surface polysaccharides play important roles in cyanobacterial ecophysiology. In this study, specific cell-surface sugars were discovered in heterocysts, akinetes and vegetative cells of A. cylindrica using 20 fluorescein-labeled lectins. Both N-acetylglucosamine-binding lectins WGA and succinylated WGA bound specifically to the vegetative cells. Akinetes bound to three mannose-binding lectins (LCA, PSA, and ConA), and one of the galactose-binding lectins (GSL-I). Heterocyst also bound to ConA. However, the heterocysts in all4388 mutant of Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, in which the putative polysaccharide export protein gene all4388 was disrupted, exhibited diminished binding to ConA. Identification of distinct cell-surface sugar helped us to understand the role of polysaccharide for each cell type. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting may be applicable in isolating each cell type for comparative “omics” studies among the three cell types. Keywords Cyanobacteria · Lectins · Polysaccharides · Spore · Heterocyst · Nitrogen fixation Abbreviations WGA Wheat germ agglutinin PHA-E Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin ConA Concanavalin A LCA Len culinaris lectin PSA Pisum sativum agglutinin GSL-I Griffonia Simplicifolia lectin I
Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-018-1565-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ruanbao Zhou [email protected] 1
Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, USA
2
College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
3
BioSNTR, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
Introduction Cyanobacteria are ancient, photosynthetic, Gram-negative bacteria and include some species that can also fix nitrogen (Bergman et al. 1997; Berman-Frank et al. 2003; Fay 1992). A matrix of polymeric substances surround cyanobacterial cells to form an interface between the bacterial cells and their immediate environment (De Philippis et al. 2001). These extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are attached to the cell surface as capsular polysaccharides (CPS) or delivered to the immediate environment as released polysaccharides. The CPS can appear as a sheath that is usually either a thin or loosely defined layer covering the cells, or as a thick layer tightly associated with a single cell, or as a slime layer whi
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