Imaging and spectroscopic techniques for microstructural and compositional analysis of lignocellulosic materials: a revi
- PDF / 2,205,726 Bytes
- 19 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 6 Downloads / 198 Views
REVIEW ARTICLE
Imaging and spectroscopic techniques for microstructural and compositional analysis of lignocellulosic materials: a review Singam Suranjoy Singh 1 & Loong-Tak Lim 2 & Annamalai Manickavasagan 1 Received: 22 July 2020 / Revised: 3 October 2020 / Accepted: 9 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Selection and characterization of biomass feedstocks with the maximum biomaterial or biofuel yields need the accessibility of reliable and efficient methods for structural and compositional characterization of plant material. Understanding microstructure of lignocellulosic fibre is required to evaluate the heat and mass transfer phenomena, bond formation, fibre alignment and orientation, structural architecture and modelling of structure-property relationship, which are necessary for designing and developing cellulose-based products. Furthermore, the microstructural and compositional information can determine distribution of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose in the biomass, interaction of reinforced fillers and polymer matrix in the bio-composites. Many conventional standard analytical methods for biomass study are laborious, slow and use harsh chemical reagents that need certain remediation. This paper reviews the microstructural and compositional analyses of lignocellulosic materials through imaging and spectroscopic techniques (I&ST) such as X-ray micro-computed tomography (X-ray μCT), scanning electron microscope (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). This review attempts to provide fundamental backgrounds, basic working principles, applications and technical limitations and possible solutions of I&ST for analysing lignocellulosic biomass, their products and changes acquired during processing. Keywords Imaging . Spectroscopy . Lignocellulosic materials . Microstructure . Chemical composition
1 Introduction Recently plant-sourced biodegradable lignocellulosic biomasses have begun to draw global attention as a sustainable feedstock for biomaterials and renewable energy sources. They are abundantly available sustainable bioresources which are carbon-neutral, inedible and can be regenerated in a substantial amount every year globally. These natural fibres have become a popular alternative to petrochemical-based plastics for production of biobased products such as biodegradable packaging for foods and non-food products, vehicle parts
* Loong-Tak Lim [email protected] * Annamalai Manickavasagan [email protected] 1
School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
2
Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
and building components. The usage of first-generation crops like corn has substantially declined to reduce fuel against food dichotomy, whereas research work on the second-generation feedstocks such as miscanthus, switchgrass, big bluestem, poplar and eucalyptus has increased. The National Academy of Sciences
Data Loading...
