Immobilization of Bradyrhizobium and Azospirillum in alginate matrix for long time of storage maintains cell viability a
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APPLIED MICROBIAL AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY
Immobilization of Bradyrhizobium and Azospirillum in alginate matrix for long time of storage maintains cell viability and interaction with peanut Adriana B. Cesari 1,2 & Natalia S. Paulucci 1,2
&
Edith I. Yslas 2,3
&
Marta Susana Dardanelli 1,2
Received: 17 July 2020 / Revised: 4 September 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Immobilizarion of PGPR for agricultural applications aims to provide temporary physical protection from stressful environmental conditions and the gradual release of cells for successful root colonization, release the cells gradually. In this work, we immobilized Bradyrhizobium sp. SEMIA6144 or Azospirillum brasilense Az39 cells in 2% alginate beads prepared by ionic gelation process, and then stored up to 12 months at 4 °C. Alginate matrix showed interaction with the immobilized bacteria (FTIR), allowed a constant release of cells, and improved their viability and capability to interact with Arachis hypogaea. Cell number into beads reached 107 CFU.bead−1; however, viability decreased from 4 months of storage for Az39, while it was maintained up to 12 months for SEMIA6144, showing a low metabolic activity measured by the MTT assay. Adhesion of SEMIA6144 and Az39 from new beads to peanut root was 11.5% and 16%, respectively, higher than non-immobilized bacteria. Peanut inoculation with 12 months storage SEMIA6144 beads significantly increased root length and biomass at 30 days of growth, and under restrictive water condition (RWC), nodulation and total plant N content increased compared with liquid inoculation. Our results demonstrate that immobilization of SEMIA6144 and Az39 in alginate matrix is a potential alternative to enhance peanut growth even under RWC. Key points • Alginate encapsulation enhances viability of SEMIA6144 or Az39 under storage at 4 °C for 1 year. • Alginate beads 2% ensure the gradual release of the microorganisms. • Cells from beads stored for long periods present chemotaxis and adhesion to peanut root. • Peanut inoculation with 1-year-old SEMIA6144 beads improves nodulation and growth in RWC. Keywords Bradyrhizobium-alginate bead . Azospirillum-alginate bead . Viability . Control release . Arachis hypogaea interaction
Introduction Arachis hypogaea L. (peanut) is an important oilseed crop and a rich source of essential phytonutrients such as niacin, folate, * Edith I. Yslas [email protected] * Marta Susana Dardanelli [email protected] 1
INBIAS, Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud, CONICET, Rio Cuarto, Argentina
2
Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36, Km, 601 Rio Cuarto, Argentina
3
IITEMA, Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados, CONICET, Rio Cuarto, Argentina
fiber, vitamin E, and antioxidant polyphenols (Kris-Etherton et al. 2008). Argentina is one of the main peanut-producing and peanut-exporting countries in the world, concentrating 90
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