Immobilization of nano-zero-valent irons by carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals for wastewater remediation
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Immobilization of nano-zero-valent irons by carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals for wastewater remediation Bangxian Peng1*, Rusen Zhou2*, Ying Chen1, Song Tu1, Yingwu Yin1, Liyi Ye (✉)1 1 Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China 2 School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
© Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Spring Nature 2020
Abstract Nano-zero-valent irons (nZVI) have shown great potential to function as universal and low-cost magnetic adsorbents. Yet, the rapid agglomeration and easy surface corrosion of nZVI in solution greatly hinders their overall applicability. Here, carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals (CCNC), widely available from renewable biomass resources, were prepared and applied for the immobilization of nZVI. In doing so, carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals supporting nano-zero-valent irons (CCNC-nZVI) were obtained via an in-situ growth method. The CCNC-nZVI were characterized and then evaluated for their performances in wastewater treatment. The results obtained show that nZVI nanoparticles could attach to the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of CCNC, and well disperse on the CCNC surface with a size of ~10 nm. With the CCNC acting as corrosion inhibitors improving the reaction activity of nZVI, CCNC-nZVI exhibited an improved dispersion stability and electron utilization efficacy. The Pb(II) adsorption capacity of CCNC-nZVI reached 509.3 mg$g–1 (298.15 K, pH = 4.0), significantly higher than that of CCNC. The adsorption was a spontaneous exothermic process and could be perfectly fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. This study may provide a novel and green method for immobilizing magnetic nanomaterials by using biomassbased resources to develop effective bio-adsorbents for wastewater decontamination. Keywords carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals, nanozero-valent irons, magnetic bio-adsorbents, wastewater remediation
Received November 7, 2019; accepted January 24, 2020 E-mail: [email protected] *
These authors contributed equally to this work.
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Introduction
The remediation of wastewater that often contains heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, etc.) and/or organic compounds with significant environmental and physiological toxicity, represents a great challenge facing this modern society [1–4]. Efficient, economical and sustainable solutions toward water purification are now urgently required due to the severe water pollution and the generally higher standards set on water quality [5–7]. Among various techniques (membrane separation [5], electrochemical precipitation [6], advanced oxidation processes [7], etc.) developed for waste removal, degradation or detoxification of water contaminants, adsorption represents a traditional but simple method exhibiting high efficacy and wide applicability [1,7]. To further demonstrate the power of adsorption treatment and improve the associated b
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