Immunoinformatics Approach to Engineer a Potent Poly-epitope Fusion Protein Vaccine Against Coxiella burnetii
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Immunoinformatics Approach to Engineer a Potent Poly-epitope Fusion Protein Vaccine Against Coxiella burnetii Ehsan Rashidian1 · Zeinab Shakarami Gandabeh1 · Ali Forouharmehr2 · Narges Nazifi3 · Nemat Shams1 · Amin Jaydari1 Accepted: 31 December 2019 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Coxiella burnetii pathogen, which causes Q fever, is one of the most dangerous pathogens transmitted from the livestock to humans. The only immunization against this disease is the Q-Vax® vaccine, which is used in Australia, as it is not authorized by other countries due to its adverse side effects. Today, growing attention is being paid to the safety of subunit vaccines. Therefore, performing in silico pre-empirical studies on the functionality of recombinant proteins will be more cost-effective than empirical experiments. In this study, P1 and YbgF antigens of C. burnetii were examined and their epitopes were identified. In this case, the most accurate online tools were employed to predict the B cell, T cell and IFN-γ epitopes. Then, the best epitopes were selected based on their antigenicity potency and resistance to digestive compounds. High-ranked epitopes and Heparin-Binding Hemagglutinin as an adjuvant were used to engineer a poly-epitope fusion protein vaccine. Then, physicochemical features, secondary and tertiary structures of the engineered vaccine were evaluated. Finally, the molecular docking of the engineered vaccine and TLR4/MD2 was done. The results of the different analysis revealed that the engineered vaccine can be potentially considered as a potent candidate for fighting with C. burnetii. Keywords Epitope prediction · Coxiella burnetii · P1 · YbgF · HBHA adjuvant · subunit vaccine
Introduction
* Ehsan Rashidian [email protected] Zeinab Shakarami Gandabeh [email protected] Ali Forouharmehr [email protected] Narges Nazifi [email protected] Nemat Shams [email protected] Amin Jaydari [email protected] 1
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
2
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
3
Department of Animal, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Q fever as a zoonosis disease is associated with symptoms such as deep headaches, chest and joint pain, fever and also some respiratory problems and digestive. The causative agent of this worldwide disease is Coxiella burnetii, a gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium (Cowen 2014). This pathogen strengthens its survival and reproduction ability by creating an acidic phagolysosome in eukaryotic cells, which consists of two different acute and reduced degrees of virulence related to the antigenic phase I and II, respectively (Fournier et al. 1998). Three different models of cell variants are proposed in accordance with C. burnetii development, which consists of the large-cell variants (LCV), small-cell variants (SCV), and small dense cells (SDC) (Samuel 2000). They differ in morphology, ph
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