Immunoinformatics Driven Prediction of Multiepitopic Vaccine Against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Mycobacterium tuberculosi
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Immunoinformatics Driven Prediction of Multiepitopic Vaccine Against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Coinfection and Its Validation via In Silico Expression Sidra Rahmat Ullah1 · Mahnoor Majid1 · Muhammad Ibrahim Rashid1,2 · Khalid Mehmood3 · Saadia Andleeb1 Accepted: 16 November 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Klebsiella pneumoniae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis coinfection is one of the most lethal combinations that has been becoming frequent yet, not diagnosed and reported properly. Due to the simultaneous occurrence of both infections, diagnosis is delayed leading to inadequate treatments and mortality. With the rise of MDR Klebsiella and Mycobacterium, a prophylactic and an immunotherapeutic vaccine has to be entailed for preemptive and adroit therapeutic approach. In this study, we aim to implement reverse vaccinology approach that encompasses a comprehensive evaluation of vital aspects of the pathogens to explore immunogenic epitopes against Omp A of Klebsiella and Rv1698, Rv1973 of Mtb that may help in vaccine development. The designed multi-epitopic vaccine was assessed for antigenicity, allergenicity and various physiochemical parameters. Molecular docking and simulations were executed to assess the immunogenicity and complex stability of the vaccine. The final multi-epitopic vaccine is validated to be highly immunogenic and can serve as a valuable proactive remedy for subject pathogens. Keywords Klebsiella pneumoniae · Coinfection · Reverse vaccinology · Outer membrane proteins
Introduction Coinfection is the concurrent infection of host caused by multiple pathogens. The coinfection of M. tuberculosis and K. pneumoniae has not been frequently accounted. The coincidence of these two infections leads to delayed diagnosis and inadequate treatment causing morbidity and mortality. Klebsiella pneumoniae is an encapsulated Gram negative organism, commensal to mucosal lining of mammals, human gastrointestinal tract causing nosocomial pneumonia, UTI’s, bloodstream infections and sepsis (Pichavant et al. 2018). Klebsiella species are ubiquitous opportunistic pathogens * Saadia Andleeb [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
2
Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University (KMU), Peshawar, Pakistan
3
Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
residing in soil and water, having the ability to colonize onto medical devices and in health care settings (Bengoechea and Pessoa 2018). The infections caused by K. pneumonia are common among pediatric wards, elderly and compromised individuals within the healthcare environment (Mcallisterhollod et al. 2014). Mycobacterium tuberculosis on the other hand is an acidfast bacillus responsible for tuberculosis (TB) which is the 10th prominent reason of fa
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