Impact assessment of textile effluent on health and microbiota of agricultural soil in Bhagwanpur (Uttarakhand), India
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Impact assessment of textile effluent on health and microbiota of agricultural soil in Bhagwanpur (Uttarakhand), India Priya Pokhriya1 · Richa Rajput1 · Prachi Nautiyal1 · Pooja Panwar1 · Deepshikha Pandey1 · Achlesh Daverey1 · Ayyanadar Arunachalam2 · Vijay Shridhar1 · Kusum Arunachalam1 Received: 10 April 2020 / Accepted: 13 August 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Irrigation of agriculture field by untreated wastewater is a common practice in the water scarce regions in India. Increasing water crisis has forced the farmers to use untreated or partially treated wastewater in their agricultural fields. In this study, agricultural soil irrigated with textile effluent was examined at five different sites on the basis of proximity to the source and analysed for physicochemical and microbiological properties. Further, the co-relation of physicochemical properties with soil enzyme was also studied. The results revealed that soil respiration and microbial biomass carbon reduced by 53.8% and 65.9%, respectively in the contaminated site as compared to control site, emphasizing the deleterious impact of effluent on the study site. Additionally, the bacterial population and dehydrogenase enzyme reduced by 41.6%, and 71%, respectively in the effluent affected soil as compared to the control site. Soil organic carbon showed a strong positive correlation (p ≤ 0. 01) with soil enzyme activity. Other physicochemical and microbiological properties of the affected soil indicated negative impact on both soil quality and microbiota. Keywords Microbial biomass carbon · Industrial effluent · Soil enzymatic activity · Urease · Wastewater reuse
1 Introduction Increasing population and industrialization has led to an escalating demand for water globally. Indian economy that thrives majorly on agriculture utilizes 688 billion cubic meters of water, which accounts 85% of total water consumption [1]. However, with increased production targets and depleting water resources, use of untreated wastewater for agriculture purpose is prevalent in regions having water crisis. Although the use of wastewater for irrigation has potential benefit of nutrient reuse, it has adverse effects on the soil ecology and soil health [2, 3]. Textile industry is one of the most prominent industries that utilizes and discharges huge volume of water. Textile effluent contains extreme concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD),
pH, dyes and heavy metals, along with other contaminants that are released into the nearby water bodies wherefrom it is used for irrigation of agricultural land [4, 5]. The contaminants present in the effluent significantly affect the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. Any change in physicochemical factors has a direct influence on the soil microbial diversity. The microbial populations in the wastewater irrigated soil shows reduction due to the presence of various organic compounds and heavy metals [6]. Soil irrigation with wastewater increases the soil conductivity
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