Experimental Studies on Decolourisation of Textile Effluent by Using Bioremediation Technique
Biodegradation method has been proved to be very effective in treatment of this pollution source in an environmental friendly and cost competitive way. There is a need to develop alternative and cost-effective treatment processes for coloured effluents. T
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n The control of water pollution is becoming increasingly important these days. Release of dyes into environment constitutes only a small portion of water pollution. Currently, removal of dyes from effluents is by the physicochemical means. Such methods are often very costly and though the dyes are removed but accumulation of concentrated sludge creates a disposal problem. There is a need to find alternative methods of treatment that are effective in removing dyes from large volumes of effluents. At present, there is no satisfactory method to economically decolourise textile wastewater. Textile wastewater includes a large variety of dyes and chemicals additions that make the environmental challenge for textile industry not only as liquid waste but also in its chemical composition. Major pollutants in textile wastewaters are high-suspended solids, chemical oxygenated demand (COD), heat,
S. Sathish (*) · D. Joshua Amarnath Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Univeristy, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Jeepiaar Nagar, Chennai 600119, India e-mail: [email protected]
S. Sathiyamoorthy et al. (eds.), Emerging Trends in Science, Engineering and Technology, Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, DOI: 10.1007/978-81-322-1007-8_50, © Springer India 2012
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colour, acidity, and other soluble substances. The removal of colour from textile industry and dyestuff manufacturing industry wastewaters represents a major environmental concern. In addition, only 47 % of 87 of dyestuff are biodegradable. It has been documented that residual colour is usually due to insoluble dyes which have low biodegradability as reactive blue, direct blue, and vat violet with COD/ biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) ratio of 59.0, 17.7, and 10.8, respectively.
1.1 Textile Wastewater Characteristics The common characteristics of textile wastewater are high COD, BOD, temperature, pH, suspended solids (SS), and dissolved solids (DS), solid materials, phenol, sulphur, and the colours caused by different dyes. Important pollutants in textile wastewater are especially the organics and then colour, toxic materials, inhibitor compounds, active substances, chlorine compounds, pH, salt, and dying substances.
1.2 Treatment of Textile Wastewaters Colour is the first contaminant to be recognised in wastewater and has to be removed before discharging into water bodies. The presence of very small amounts of dyes in water (
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