Impact Damage Investigation on Glass Fiber-Reinforced Plate Laminates at Room and Lower Temperatures through Ultrasound
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Impact Damage Investigation on Glass Fiber-Reinforced Plate Laminates at Room and Lower Temperatures through Ultrasound Testing and Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry Vito Pagliarulo
, Ilaria Papa, Valentina Lopresto, Antonio Langella, and Pietro Ferraro
(Submitted September 19, 2018; in revised form May 24, 2019; published online June 5, 2019) In this work, the evaluation of damage area due to low-velocity impact tests at different impact energy values and different temperatures on glass fiber-reinforced plate laminates was investigated by two nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques, electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) and ultrasound testing (UT). Composites are characterized by several interacting failure modes such as matrix breakage, fiber failure and delaminations, which can be simultaneously induced by low-velocity impacts and can be different depending on the temperature. It can be complicated to detect by visual inspections of the structures for such phenomena. This paper aims to investigate the dependence of the damaged area with respect to temperature variation on glass fiber composite laminates. GF composite laminates were impacted with three energy levels (5, 10, 20 J) and at different temperatures (room temperature, 2 25, 2 50 °C) by a drop weight impact machine. The results show that at decreasing temperature, a decrease in the damage extension was observed, which is more evident at increasing impact energy. Moreover, as expected, the results confirm UT and ESPI techniques are able to identify the barely visible low-velocity impact damage. However, some limitations for detection were found in ESPI. Nonetheless, the ESPI technique can be considered as one of the useful NDE methods if the calibration and the post-processing methods are improved. Keywords
composite laminates, low-velocity impact, NDT
1. Introduction Composite laminates produced by glass fiber reinforcements in an epoxy resin are common composite materials characterized by excellent physical, chemical, thermal and mechanical properties. The epoxy resin is the most commonly used polymer matrix, especially in aerospace applications, due to its good resistance to higher temperatures, excellent corrosion resistance, mechanical and electrical properties, no styrene emission and more compact failure modes with respect to vinyl ester. These characteristics make the composite laminates, made of glass fibers, very useful in the naval or automotive
This article is an invited submission to JMEP selected from presentations at the International Symposium on Dynamic Response and Failure of Composite Materials (Draf2018) held June 12-15, 2018, on the Island of Ischia, Italy, and has been expanded from the original presentation. Vito Pagliarulo and Pietro Ferraro, CNR National Research Council, ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, NA, Italy; Ilaria Papa, Valentina Lopresto, and Antonio Langella, and Department of Chemical, Materials and
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