Impact of arsenic-polluted groundwater on soil and produce quality: a food chain study
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Impact of arsenic-polluted groundwater on soil and produce quality: a food chain study M. K. Meena & A. K. Singh & L. K. Prasad & Adlul Islam & M. D. Meena & M. L. Dotaniya Harvir Singh & B. L. Yadav
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Received: 18 August 2020 / Accepted: 19 November 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The experiment was conducted to assess the impact of arsenic (As)-contaminated groundwater irrigation on soil health and crop quality. Geo-referenced groundwater, soil, and crop produce samples were collected from the middle Gangetic plains of Maner block of Patna and were analyzed for As content. The result showed that long-term application of As-contaminated groundwater (0.017 to 0.677 mg L−1) buildup significant amount of As in the soil (0.41 to 8.66 mg kg−1). A significant correlation (r2 = 0.922) was also observed between As content in groundwater and the soil. The content of As in groundwater also affected crop quality and accumulated metal content in different crop parts. Total As content in crop samples ranged from 0.010 to 0.963 μg g−1 of dry weight. The average As content in crop followed order: oilseeds > cereals > vegetables > pulses. Therefore, produce quality should be monitored frequently for As uptake as there is a great chance of As accumulation in food crops. Hence, these approaches are useful for the formulation of policy guidelines for M. K. Meena : A. K. Singh : L. K. Prasad : A. Islam ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna 800 014, India M. K. Meena : M. D. Meena : M. L. Dotaniya (*) : H. Singh ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur 321 303, India e-mail: [email protected] B. L. Yadav Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, SKN College of Agriculture, Jobner 303 329, India
the management of As-containing groundwater and routine risk assessment of As-contaminated soils. Keywords Arsenic . Crop quality . Food chain contamination . Heavy metal contamination . Metal dynamics
Introduction Increasing population pressure on natural resources resulting in shrinking of their availability and reducing ecosystem services across the globe (Saha et al. 2017). Contamination of groundwater with arsenic (As) is observed as one of the most priority environmental challenges across the world (Phan et al. 2010). Long-term (> 30 years) application of As-containing groundwater has contaminated and accumulated a significant amount of As in the soil. Overexploitation of groundwater for consumptive use is mediated redox potential and geochemical properties of groundwater, which are the main causes for raised As pollution in different parts of Indian states (Singh et al. 2014; Sandhi et al. 2017). Bihar and West Bengal are As-contaminated states located in the Middle-Gangetic plain and identified as As-contaminated areas in India (Singh and Vedwan 2015). The contamination of groundwater with As was primarily identified at Bhojpur district of Bihar by Chakraborti et al. (2003) and was stretched to sixteen districts and intimidating > 10 million residents of Bihar (Singh 2015)
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