Impact of Climate Change on Animal Health, Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases in Africa
The threat of climate change and global warming is gaining worldwide recognition. The African continent, because of its size, diversity, and its new status as a “hub” of livestock production, need to gear up to mitigate the possible impacts of climate cha
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Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Africa’s Current Climatic Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expected Impacts of Climate Change on Livestock Production and Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vulnerability of Livestock Production Systems to Climate Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Direct Effects of Climate Change on Animal Physiology: Metabolic Alterations, Suppressed Reproduction, Oxidative Stress, Immune Suppression, Morbidity, and Mortality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pathogen and Vector Ecology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pathogen Transmission Ecology and Climate Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vector Ecology and Climate Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vector-Borne Infections as Models of the Effect of Climate Change on Animal Health . . . . . . . Insect-Borne Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tick-Borne Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-Vector-Borne Diseases as Models of the Effect of Climate Change on Animal Health . . . Terrestrial Non-Vector-Borne Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aquatic Non-Vector-Borne Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Determination and Use of Meteorological, Vector and Health Data for Assessing and Mitigating Impacts of Climate Change on Animal Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Animal and Farmer Resilience and Adaptation to Effects of Climate Change on Animal Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Community Resilience and Adaptation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Animal Management Adaptations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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R. Magiri (*) · P. Iji Fiji National University, College of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Suva, Fiji e-mail: [email protected] K. Muzandu School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusak
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