Impact of Local Site Conditions on the Seismic Response of the Athenian Acropolis Hill
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Impact of Local Site Conditions on the Seismic Response of the Athenian Acropolis Hill E. Kapogianni . P. N. Psarropoulos . D. Kokoris . I. Kalogeras . D. Michalopoulou . V. Eleftheriou . M. Sakellariou
Received: 16 January 2020 / Accepted: 30 September 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract In the literature, records and analyses have shown that in earthquake-prone areas local site conditions tend to alter the strong motion at the ground surface. More specifically, the surface topography, in combination to the soil stratigraphy and/or the geomorphology of the seismic bedrock, may have a substantial impact on the amplitude, the frequency content, and/or the duration of the seismic motion at the ground surface. The current study is involved with the Athenian Acropolis Hill, which is an unusual case of local site conditions affecting ground motion as a rock outcrop of limestone overlies the relatively soft Athenian schist. Since monuments of paramount importance are founded on the Hill (i.e. Parthenon, Propylaea, Erechtheion and Temple of Athena Nike) and Athens is characterised by moderate to high seismicity, a seismic array of accelerographs has been installed by the National Observatory of Athens and the Acropolis Restoration Service at specific locations
on the Hill in order to monitor its seismic response in real time. Aiming to assess the impact of local site conditions on the seismic response of the Hill, an evaluation of the available recorded acceleration time histories has been conducted. Additionally, twodimensional numerical simulations have been performed utilising the finite-element method. Various excitations, such as simple pulses and records obtained by the seismic array, have been used as input motion for the numerical analyses. Despite the discrepancies, the numerical results are in good agreement with the available records and demonstrate the importance of local site conditions on the seismic response of the Acropolis Hill.
E. Kapogianni (&) P. N. Psarropoulos D. Kokoris M. Sakellariou National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece e-mail: [email protected]
1 Introduction
I. Kalogeras Institute of Geodynamics, National Observatory of Athens, Athens, Greece D. Michalopoulou V. Eleftheriou Acropolis Restoration Service, Hellenic Ministry of Culture, Athens, Greece
Keywords Local site effects Strong ground motion Seismic array Records Numerical analyses Finite elements
The impact of unusual topographical conditions (i.e. hills and slopes) on the strong ground motion has repeatedly proved to be detrimental for various structures. Indicative case histories related to topographic effects during seismic events are: Miyagikenoki 1978, Chile 1985, Southern Germany 1978, Whittier Narrows 1987, Irpinia 1980, Eje CafeteroColombia 1999, Athens 1999 (Ohtsuki and Harumi
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1983; Celebi 1987; Kawase and Aki 1990; Gazetas et al. 2002). There are many cases of instrumental evi
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