The Effect of Topographic Irregularities on Seismic Response of the Concrete Rectangular Liquid Storage Tanks Incorporat
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RESEARCH PAPER
The Effect of Topographic Irregularities on Seismic Response of the Concrete Rectangular Liquid Storage Tanks Incorporating Soil–Structure–Liquid Interaction M. H. Asgari1 · M. I. Khodakarami1 · R. Vahdani1 Received: 15 December 2018 / Accepted: 23 August 2019 © Shiraz University 2019
Abstract Theoretical and experimental studies on topographic irregularities show an extra amplification in these sites due to seismic waves. This significant fact compelled the researchers not only to evaluate the wave motion pattern, but also to consider its effect on structures built on the slopes. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of topographic irregularities on seismic behavior of rectangular liquid storage tanks. To achieve this, several parametric studies have been done using the finite element method in the two-dimensional space. In order to evaluate the effect of topographic irregularities, flat and inclined soil surfaces with three different soil types are taken into account. Broad and slender tank configurations are studied under the effect of six different seismic motions with various ratios of peak ground acceleration to peak ground velocity. Also, in order to evaluate the effect of the presence of liquid on the tank response, the full tank and empty tank are studied. Using these different parameters, some comparisons are made on the base shear forces, tank wall displacement and sloshing responses. The results showed that amplification due to topographic irregularities has a significant effect on tank response. Furthermore, it is concluded that the earthquake frequency content considerably affects the dynamic behavior of the liquid tanks. Keywords Concrete · Tank · Topographic irregularities · Seismic response · Fluid–structure interaction · Soil–structure interaction
1 Introduction Liquid storage tanks are critical lifeline structures which have been extensively used across the world during the recent decades. Since these structures are widely used in oil and gas industries, nuclear plants, chemical fluids and water supply facilities, safe design of these structures is one of the most important topics for civil engineers. During or after a major earthquake, damage to the storage tanks may result in secondary fatal effects which may even cause more damages than the earthquake itself. The collapse of the tank, spillage or leakage of dangerous chemical liquids, shortage of drinking water and uncontrolled fires are among the undesired effects (Cakir and Livaoglu 2012; Dogangün * M. I. Khodakarami [email protected] 1
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, P.O. Box 35131‑19111, Semnan, Iran
et al. 1997; Livaoglu et al. 2011; Priestley et al. 1986; Zama et al. 2012). These heavy damages have been reported due to strong ground motions such as Parkfield in 1966, Coalinga in 1983, Northridge in 1994 and Kocaeli in 1999 (Haroun and Ellaithy 1985; Rai 2002). According to previous results, the fluid–structure interaction (FSI) and soil–structure interaction (SSI) h
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