Impact of prophylactic/preemptive donor lymphocyte infusion and intensified conditioning for relapsed/refractory leukemi

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pact of prophylactic/preemptive donor lymphocyte infusion and intensified conditioning for relapsed/refractory leukemia: a realworld study 1,15†

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Yu Wang , Qi-Fa Liu , De-Pei Wu , Jing-Bo Wang , Xi Zhang , Heng-Xiang Wang , 7 8 9 10 11 12 Feng Gao , Shun-Qing Wang , Zi-Min Sun , Jian Ouyang , Kai-Lin Xu , Su-Jun Gao , 1,14 1,14 1,13,14,15* Lan-Ping Xu , Chen-Hua Yan & Xiao-Jun Huang 1

Department of Hematology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research

Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing 100044, China; 2 Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; 3 Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; 4 Department of Hematology, Aero Center Space Hospital, Beijing 100049, China; 5 Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China; 6 Department of Hematology, Air Force General Hospital, PLA, Beijing 100142, China; 7 Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of North China University Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China; 8 Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou 510180, China; 9 Department of Hematology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei 230001, China; 10 Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China; 12 Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; 13 Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China; 14 Research Unit of Key Technique for Diagnosis and Treatments of Hematologic Malignancies, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 11

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2019RU029, Beijing 100730, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Beijing 100044, China

Received November 2, 2019; accepted January 16, 2020; published online February 17, 2020

Prophylactic/preemptive donor lymphocyte infusion (p/pDLI) and intensified conditioning have shown promising results in experimental studies of refractory/relapsed acute leukemia (RRAL), but real-world data remain scarce. We conducted a multicenter, population-based analysis of 932 consecutive patients. The three-year leukemia-free survival (LFS) rates were 56% for patients receiving both p/pDLI and intensified myeloablative conditioning (MAC) (intenseMAC) and 30% for those who received neither therapy per landmark analysis. Multivariable analyses were run separately for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and p/pDLI treatment was linked to significantly higher LFS than non-DLI for both AML and ALL patients without increasing the nonrelapse mortality. IntenseMAC was associated with significantly lower relapse and higher LFS than nonintensified MAC de