Relationship between children physical activity, inflammatory mediators and lymphocyte activation: possible impact of so
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Relationship between children physical activity, inflammatory mediators and lymphocyte activation: possible impact of social isolation (COVID‑19) Murilo Merlin1,2 · Heloisa Helena de Oliveira1 · Maria Elizabeth Pereira Passos1 · Cesar Miguel Momesso1 · Laiane Cristina dos Santos de Oliveira1 · Juliana Exel Santana3 · Adriana C. Levada‑Pires1 · Elaine Hatanaka1 · Sandro Massao‑Hirabara1 · Renata Guaré1 · Maria Fernanda Cury‑Boaventura1 · Tania C. Pithon‑Curi1 · Renata Gorjão1 Received: 30 January 2020 / Accepted: 2 November 2020 © Springer-Verlag Italia S.r.l., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Objective Lifestyle and body composition may be simultaneously responsible for immune response modulation. This study aimed to compare plasmatic adipokines concentration and lymphocyte cytokine production in children with different daily steps (DS) range, as well as to discuss the potential negative impact of the social isolation during COVID-19 pandemic in this context. DS can be a useful and low-cost way of monitoring children’s health status. Study design Fifty children were classified into clusters based in DS measured by pedometer: Sedentary Group (DS = 9338 ± 902 steps) and Active Group (DS = 13,614 ± 1003 steps). Plasma and lymphocytes were isolated and cultured to evaluate cytokine production. Results Sedentary group presented lower adiponectin (7573 ± 232 pg/mL), higher leptin (16,250 ± 1825 pg/mL) plasma concentration, and higher lymphocyte production of IL-17, IFN-gamma, TNF-, IL-2 in relation to active group, suggesting predominance of Th1 response. Otherwise, the active group presented higher lymphocyte supernatant concentration of IL-10 and higher regulatory T cell (Treg) percentage. Conclusion These results indicate that lymphocytes of children performing higher DS have an anti-inflammatory profile, especially of Treg. Besides, the prolonged social isolation in children during the COVID-19 pandemic, limiting physical mobility and exercise, reduces DS and increases adiposity, which could impair the immune system function and raise the susceptibility to inflammatory diseases. Keywords Childhood obesity · Physical activity · Inflammation · Adipokines · Social isolation · Mobility reduction
Introduction
* Renata Gorjão [email protected] 1
Interdisciplinary Post‑Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Rua Galvao Bueno, 868, Liberdade, Sao Paulo, SP 01506‑000, Brazil
2
School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
3
Department of Biomechanics/Kinesiology and Applied Computer Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Several studies have investigated the association of physical activity, obesity, and immune system. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends to children and adolescents at least 60 min per day of moderate to vigorous physical activity (PA) aiming health promotion and prevention of diseases, including obesity. However, WHO estimates
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