Improved Bit Rate Control for Real-Time MPEG Watermarking
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Improved Bit Rate Control for Real-Time MPEG Watermarking Sugiri Pranata Nanyang Technological University, School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering (EEE), Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798 Email: [email protected]
Viktor Wahadaniah Nanyang Technological University, School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering (EEE), Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798 Email: [email protected]
Yong Liang Guan Nanyang Technological University, School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering (EEE), Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798 Email: [email protected]
Hock Chuan Chua Nanyang Technological University, School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering (EEE), Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798 Email: [email protected] Received 2 April 2003; Revised 2 October 2003 The alteration of compressed video bitstream due to embedding of digital watermark tends to produce unpredictable video bit rate variations which may in turn lead to video playback buffer overflow/underflow or transmission bandwidth violation problems. This paper presents a novel bit rate control technique for real-time MPEG watermarking applications. In our experiments, spread spectrum watermarks are embedded in the quantized DCT domain without requantization and motion reestimation to achieve fast watermarking. The proposed bit rate control scheme evaluates the combined bit lengths of a set of multiple watermarked VLC codewords, and successively replaces watermarked VLC codewords having the largest increase in bit length with their corresponding unmarked VLC codewords until a target bit length is achieved. The proposed method offers flexibility and scalability, which are neglected by similar works reported in the literature. Experimental results show that the proposed bit rate control scheme is effective in meeting the bit rate targets and capable of improving the watermark detection robustness for different video contents compressed at different bit rates. Keywords and phrases: bit rate control, digital watermarking, real-time watermarking, quantized DCT watermarking.
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INTRODUCTION
The rapid advancement in digital multimedia technology has brought many benefits, such as ease of creating, editing, storing, preserving, transmitting, and processing of multimedia contents. However, the same advancements have also given rise to increasing concerns over the protection of intellectual property (IP) rights. Digital watermarking has thus been proposed to help address such concerns. It is a technique to embed hidden information, called the watermark, irremovably and imperceptibly into some audio, image, or video
contents, called the host, by subtly modifying their perceptual data. The embedded watermark may carry information about the origin, status, and/or destination of the host data [1], hence it can be used to facilitate the proof of ownership, provide data integrity checks, or trace the pirates. With the help of digital watermarking, it is hoped that content providers or owners will have better means to uphold their IP rights. In many real-time multimedia application
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