Improvement of biovanillin production with two-stage pH control strategy from lemongrass leaves hydrolysates using Phane
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Improvement of biovanillin production with two-stage pH control strategy from lemongrass leaves hydrolysates using Phanerochaete chrysosporium ATCC 24725 in batch culture Ahmed Ibrahim Galadima 1,2 & Madihah Md Salleh 1,3 & Huszalina Hussin 1,3 & Chong Chun Shiong 1,3 & Adibah Yahaya 1,3 & Shaza Eva Mohamad 1,3 & Suraini Abdu Aziz 4 & Nor Nadiah Mohamad Yusof 5 & Amir Feisal Merican Al-Junid 6 Received: 15 March 2020 / Revised: 12 August 2020 / Accepted: 26 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The biovanillin production was influenced by varying the culture pH via single control strategy conducted by separate experiments during the fermentation processes. Highest biovanillin production (124 mg/L) with 32% molar yield at culture pH 6.0 from the one-stage control method was observed. Specific growth rates (μ) of the Phanerochaete chrysosporium and biovanillin production decreased by decreasing the culture pH from 6.0 to 3.5, which indicated that lower culture pH was not adequately apposite for biovanillin production using Phanerochaete chrysosporium in a 2-L stirred tank bioreactor. The development of two-stage control strategies had improved the biovanillin production (131 mg/L) and cell concentration (13.0 g/L) by about 6 and 5%, respectively. Therefore, the most influential control strategy for higher biovanillin production was discovered not to control the culture pH of the fermentation during active growth phase of the Phanerochaete chrysosporium, while the production phase should be controlled at pH 6.0. Keywords Batch culture . Biovanillin . Lemongrass leaves hydrolysates . Phanerochaete chrysosporium ATCC 24725 . pH control strategy . 2-liter stirred tank bioreactor
1 Introduction
* Madihah Md Salleh [email protected] 1
Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
2
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Kashere, Gombe, Gombe State P.M.B. 0182, Nigeria
3
ENVIBIO Research Group, Sustainability Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
4
Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
5
Section of Chemical Engineering Technology, University Kuala Lumpur (MICET), Lot 1988 Taboh Naning, Kawasan Perindustrian Bandar Vendor, 78000 Alor Gajah, Malacca, Malaysia
6
Institute of Biological Science, Faculty Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Biovanillin is regarded as vanillin obtained through the application of biotechnological approaches to extract precursors, like ferulic acid, isoeugenol, guaiacol, and eugenol, from various agro-based residues including rice bran and stem, maize stem, lemongrass leaves, palm oil bunch, and sugarcane bagasse, using microorganisms like Phanerochaete chrysosporium ATCC 24725 [1, 2]. The Phanerochaete chrysosporium ATCC 24725 was reported with capability of
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