Improvement of the addition amount and dispersion of hydroxyapatite in the poly(lactic acid) matrix by the compatibilize
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Improvement of the addition amount and dispersion of hydroxyapatite in the poly(lactic acid) matrix by the compatibilizer-epoxidized soybean oil Liang Zhao1,2,a), Simin Cheng3, Suhua Liu2, Xingmin Gao1 1
China Center for Special Economic Zone Research, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China Shenzhen High Technology Investment Group Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518040, China 3 Shanghai Electric Power T&D Group, Shanghai 200336, China a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] 2
Received: 13 August 2019; accepted: 22 April 2020
The addition amount and dispersion of inorganic particles into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) still remain a great difficulty, and in the present study, epoxidized soybean oil was used to improve the compatibility between hydroxyapatite (HA) and PLA via the melt blending method. Scanning electron microscopy shows that HA particles can be well dispersed in the PLA matrix when the addition amount is less than 20% in mass, whereas the agglomeration of HA particles and a discrete phase of PLA could be observed when the amount increases to 30%. Therefore, the maximum amount of HA particles can be achieved for the composite with 20% HA which can be also maintaining the bending strength of 71.6 MPa. The osteoblast cells were used to characterize the biocompatibility of the HA/PLA composite, and the results indicate that the number of cells in per unit volume cultured on the HA/PLA composite is 10% higher than that of the PLA. Based on the improved cell biocompatibility and mechanical strength compared to PLA, the composite of HA/PLA prepared in the present study can be served as a potential candidate for the bone fracture repair.
Introduction Nowadays, there are an estimated 9 million bone fractures worldwide each year and the metallic materials are generally used for the internal fixation of bone fractures due to their good mechanical properties [1, 2]. However, there are still existing problems in the clinical application of metallic materials, such as stress shielding between the metal and bone, and local tissue inflammation by the released metallic ion [3]. Furthermore, it is needed to take out the internal fixed metal device by a second operation after the bone fracture healing. In order to avoid the removal surgery, biodegradable materials that can be degraded in the human body have been considered as the alternative material in the medical implant application [4, 5]. Among the synthetic biodegradable polymers, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is well known for the medical approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as sutures, pins, screws, and drug delivery systems due to its good biocompatibility and biodegradability. Therefore, PLA has been considered as the most potential candidate of the biodegradable material for
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the medical implant application. Whereas PLA also has some disadvantages of poor mechanical performance and low bioactivity in the application as internal fixed materials. The incorporation of bioactive inorganic par
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