Improving Performance Covertly and Remotely with Tactile Stimulation
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BRIEF PRACTICE
Improving Performance Covertly and Remotely with Tactile Stimulation Erick M. Dubuque 1
&
Lee Collins 1 & Molly L. Dubuque 2
# Association for Behavior Analysis International 2020
Abstract Tactile stimulation can be used to privately prompt or provide feedback for a variety of behaviors. However, technological limitations have primarily resulted in narrow investigations of tactile stimulation delivered on a time-based schedule by a device like a MotivAider or WatchMinder. Recent advances in smartphone and watch technologies have created new ways for practitioners to deliver tactile stimulation privately and remotely to improve behavior. The purpose of this Brief Report is to provide a case study and a description of the advantages and applications of utilizing this technology, including preserving the privacy and dignity of clients by covertly improving performance; prompting behavior based on environmental events independent of scheduled times; delivering feedback quickly, quietly, and remotely without interrupting interactions; and fading dependencies on tactile prompting and feedback.
Keywords Haptics . remote . Tactile stimulation . Technology
Tactile stimulation involves the production of haptic sensations on the skin in the form of a light touch, vibration, pressure, shape, or texture (Poletto, 2006). Over the last decade, numerous technologies have adopted tactile stimulation as a form of feedback to shape a user’s interactions with a device or to prompt a specific reaction. For example, surgical training tools, virtual-reality equipment, and even modern video game controllers are now programmed to deliver tactile stimulation in the form of haptic feedback to a user. Similarly, many modern cell phones deliver tactile stimulation in the form of vibrations when a text message, notification, or call is received, prompting users to attend to their device. In the behavior-analytic literature, tactile stimulation has been successfully used to prompt a wide range of behaviors, including appropriate school behaviors (Anson, Todd, & Cassaretto, 2008; Shih, Wang, & Wang, 2014), completion
* Erick M. Dubuque [email protected] 1
Department of Special Education, Early Childhood, & Prevention Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
2
Autism Center at Kosair Charities, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
of daily tasks (Mechling, 2007), on-task behavior (Lancioni et al., 1991), breaks in sedentary time (Green, Sigurdsson, & Wilder, 2016), positive interactions (Mowery, Miltenberger, & Weil, 2010), behavior-specific praise (Markelz et al., 2019), and social initiations (Taylor & Levin, 1998). A variety of technologies have been utilized to prompt behavior using tactile stimulation, including a pager (Taylor & Levin, 1998), MotivAider (Mowery et al., 2010), WatchMinder (Green et al., 2016), Apple iPhone and Watch (Markelz et al., 2019), Invisible Clock (Anglesea et al., 2008), wireless door chime (Anson et al., 2008), mini vibrator attached to the earmolds of a h
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