Improving Supercapacitor Energy Density via Nanocarbon Electrode Functionalization and Increasing Electrolyte Electroche
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Improving Supercapacitor Energy Density via Nanocarbon Electrode Functionalization and Increasing Electrolyte Electrochemical Window Uladzimir Novikau1,2, Sviatlana Filipovich1,2, and Ihar Razanau2 SSPA “Scientific and Practical Material Research Centre of NAS of Belarus”, 19 P. Brovki Street, 220072, Minsk, Belarus. 2 “Advanced Research and Technologies” LLC, 1 Sovhoznaya Street, Leskovka, Minsk, Belarus. 1
ABSTRACT The present report is dedicated to a study of possible ways of increasing the energy density of the supercapacitor and thus, bridging the gap between the supercapacitor and the battery. Chemical functionalization of carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, activated carbon cloth, and activated carbon powder used as supercapacitor electrodes as well as novel aqueous electrolytes with the electrochemical window of up to 2 V are described. The hybrid approaches to energy storage mechanism in electrochemical energy storage devices are discussed. The first experimental results on the discussed hybrid energy storage devices are presented. INTRODUCTION Both supercapacitors (SCs) and batteries are electrical energy storage devices. However, the application areas of SCs and batteries intersect only partially owing to different mechanisms used to store energy. SCs possess a number of advantages over the state-of-the-art batteries. For example, SCs provide significantly higher power density and stability of properties with cycling. SCs are significantly less exacting about the operating conditions, they sustain full discharge and wider operating temperature range. On the other hand, batteries provide significantly higher energy density. Hence, it comes as no surprise that a lot of R&D efforts are aimed at increasing the energy density of SCs pursuing the batteries [1-3]. In this report, we describe the process of step-by-step increase of SC energy density starting from a “standard” SC and going beyond. EXPERIMENT AND RESULTS SCs store energy in electric double layer on the interface between highly porous electrodes and electrolyte. In the simplest case, the energy stored by the SC can be increased by increasing its electric capacity or by increasing its operating voltage. Hence, two major directions of the research include increasing capacity of the porous electrodes and increasing the electrochemical window of the electrolyte. Functionalization of nanocarbon electrodes The main requirements to the SC electrodes include high conductivity, chemical and mechanical stability, high surface area with pore sizes optimal for the electrolyte. Hence,
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different types of nanoporous carbon became the basic materials of choice for preparing SC electrodes. We have developed a method of nanocarbon material functionalization/ activation that significantly inc
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