Metal- Metal Oxide Electrode: A Promising Energy Storage Candidate for Supercapacitor Application
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Metal- Metal Oxide Electrode: A Promising Energy Storage Candidate for Supercapacitor Application
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Anirudha Jena*1, N. Munichandraiah2 and S. A. Shivashankar1,3 Materials Research Centre 2Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry 3Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, INDIA *Email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT In the present study we have synthesized Ni/NiO nanocomposite was synthesized via microwave assisted rapid chemical route. The electrochemical properties of the composite was studied and found to be showing better performance in presence of metallic nickel in presence of its oxide. INTRODUCTION Energy storage systems are one of the most wide spread topic in current age of research. At the forefront of these electrical energy storage systems are batteries and electrochemical capacitors (ECs). Electrochemical capacitors (supercapacitors) represent an emerging energy storage technology that offers high power density, long cycle life, quick charging and safety. Metal oxides show pseudocapacitive behaviour (i.e., redox capacitors), representing a class of capacitors with potential for high energy densities resulting from the fast and reversible redox reactions at/near the interface of the active storage material and electrolyte. However, to improve their performance in order to meet future requirements, ranging from portable electronics to hybrid electric vehicles, new materials mostly at the nanoscale is very essential1,2. Conventional nanostructured electrode materials usually show low electrical and mechanical contact that impedes electronic and ionic conductions during charge/discharge cycling3,4,5. In this regard metal-metal oxide materials can be identified as an important candidate where presence of metal is expected to facilitate better electrical conductivity and hence enhancing the energy density and power density of the electrode material. In the present effort, a composite of metallic nickel embedded in its own oxide matrix has been synthesized via a novel microwave-assisted chemical route using a domestic microwave oven operating at 2.45 GHz. The electrochemical behavior of such composite was studied. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Analytical reagent (AR) grade chemicals with assay >99% were used in the synthesis. The chemicals such as Ni(NO3)2.6H2O 99%, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90), Tertiarybutyl-3oxobutanoate and Ethyleneglycol dimethylether were obtained from various sources and were used without further purification. Synthesis of Ni/NiO: The experiments were carried out using a metalorganic precursor of Ni synthesized in house. The starting precursor material i.e. Ni (II) tertiarybutyl-3-oxobutanoate was synthesized then purified by further recrystallization repeatedly in chloroform. A domestic type microwave oven (2.45 GHz) equipped with a reflux condenser placed outside the oven was used
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as the source of microwave irradiation. In a typical solution based microwave synthesis of materials involves mixing of starting precursor material in a
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