A high energy density flexible symmetric supercapacitor based on Al-doped MnO 2 nanosheets @ carbon cloth electrode mate
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A high energy density flexible symmetric supercapacitor based on Al‑doped MnO2 nanosheets @ carbon cloth electrode materials Mengyao Xu1 · Ning Fu1 · Xiaodong Wang2 · Zhenglong Yang1 Received: 25 March 2020 / Accepted: 3 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The drawback of traditional capacitors with low energy density forces people to develop high-performance supercapacitor materials. Herein, the Al-doped M nO2 @ carbon cloth is selected as the ideal electrode material. A typical hydrothermal reaction can be used to synthesize Al-doped MnO2 @ carbon cloth at 150 °C for 4 h. Its operating window can be successfully expanded from 0–0.8 to 0–1.2 V, and the areal-specific capacitance reaches 1043 mF c m−2, keeping 91.1% of the original after cycling 5000 times at a current density of 20 mA cm−2. Using the electrode materials designed above, the flexible symmetrical supercapacitor is successfully assembled. This device shows a greater operating window of 0–2.3 V, a superior large areal-specific capacitance of 521.91 mF c m−2, and the energy density remarkably reaches 4.72 mWh c m−3. After 100 bending cycles, there is also basically no loss in performance. This study highlights the promising prospects of the improvement of MnO2 @ CC materials.
1 Introduction Energy depletion is becoming more and more serious, and the development of energy storage devices is particularly necessary. As a kind of energy storage device, the supercapacitor (SC) has attracted great attention in the field of electronics, transportation, and aerospace with its high energy density and good cycle stability [1–3]. The supercapacitors could be divided into electrostatic double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and faradaic pseudocapacitors [4]. The EDLCs are mainly physically adsorbed on the electrode surface by electrolyte ions, such as graphene, carbon fiber, and carbon nanotubes [5–8]. The faradaic pseudocapacitors refer Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04165-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Zhenglong Yang [email protected] 1
Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People’s Republic of China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology & School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People’s Republic of China
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to the rapid reversible chemical reaction of transition metal oxides or conductive polymers during charge and discharge of electrode materials [9, 10]. Among them, oxides of metal materials such as Ru, Zn, Mn, Co, and Ni are recognized for their superior performance [11–14]. RuO2 is identified as the most suitable material owing to its high specific capacity and good electrical conductivity [15], but its unreasonable p
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