Improving the Flexural Properties of E-Glass Fibers/Epoxy Isogrid Stiffened Composites through Addition of 3-Glycidoxypr
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Improving the Flexural Properties of E-Glass Fibers/Epoxy Isogrid Stiffened Composites through Addition of 3-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane Functionalized Nanoclay Hossein Ebrahimnezhad-Khaljiri 1
&
Reza Eslami-Farsani 1 & Hamed Khosravi 2 & Alireza Shahrabi-Farahani 1
Received: 20 August 2019 / Accepted: 28 November 2019 # Springer Nature B.V. 2019
Abstract This research work investigates the effect of silane functionalized nanoclay on the flexural response of E-glass/epoxy isogrid stiffened composite (IGSC). To do so, the sodium montmorillonite nanoclay were functionalized by 3glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane as a silane coupling agent. In the following, by using the mechanical stirrer and ultrasonic waves, the surface functionalized nanoclay particles with the different weight percentages (0, 1, 3, and 5 wt.%) were dispersed into the epoxy resin. After that, the IGSC panels containing the functionalized nanoclay were made by combining the filament winding and hand lay-up methods. By using the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis, the functionalizing trend of nanoclay particles was characterized. It was realized that by adding 5 wt.% functionalized nanoclay to IGSC, the flexural load, flexural stiffness and energy absorption of that were reached to 1402 MPa, 82.6 N/mm and 233.9 J/kg, respectively, which were the maximum improvement of those properties. By using electron microscopy examinations from the fracture surfaces of IGSC structures, it was found that the presence of silane functionalized nanoclay particles improved the interfacial adhesion between the epoxy matrix and E-glass fibers. Keywords Silane coupling agent . Surface modification . Isogrid stiffened composites . Multi-scale composites . Nanoclay particles
1 Introduction Composite materials due to their especial properties such as high specific strength and stiffness are widely used in various industries [1–3]. One of the most famous composite structures is the grid stiffened composites (GSC), which have unique features like high specific strength and stiffness, high capability to absorb the energy and proper resistance in corrosion media. Therefore, they can be substituted to the different parts in the various applications like airplane wings, solar array substrates, ship and car frameworks [4–6]. It is worth noting that these structures have
* Hossein Ebrahimnezhad-Khaljiri [email protected] 1
Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
been composed of ribs and skin. The ribs act as a load bearing elements, whereas the skin satisfies the design requirements [7]. Given up the reticulation types of the ribs, the GSC structures can be classified into various geometries, which the major group of these geometric patterns are the isogrid and anisogrid skeleton [8]. One of the newest methods for improving the mechanical properties of the poly
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