In Silico and In Vitro Analyses of Glucosamine and Indole Acetaldehyde Inhibit Pathogenic Regulator Gene phcA of Ralston
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In Silico and In Vitro Analyses of Glucosamine and Indole Acetaldehyde Inhibit Pathogenic Regulator Gene phcA of Ralstonia solanacearum, a Causative Agent of Bacterial Wilt of Tomato Hardik Naik Jinal 1 & Natrajan Amaresan 1 Received: 23 December 2019 / Accepted: 23 April 2020/ # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
In this study, medicinal plant (Solanum surattense)-associated bacteria were isolated and their extracellular secondary metabolites were extracted. Dual-plate application of crude secondary metabolites proved that SSL2I and SSL5 had a good inhibitory activity against Ralstonia solanacearum. These biocontrol bacteria were identified as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The crude extracts of secondary metabolites were identified based on high-resolution liquid chromatography/ mass spectrometry (HR-LCMS) analysis. On the basis of HR-LCMS analysis, we selected the compounds such as glucosamine and indole acetaldehyde for in silico analysis and inhibition of pathogenic gene of phcA from R. solanacearum. The specificity of identified pathogenic gene of R. solanacearum and its cytoplasmic localization were identified by BLASTP and PSORTB bioinformatics tools. The protein–protein interaction between the identified secondary metabolites and pathogenic gene revealed that the compound had antagonistic potential against pathogenic gene of phcA. Furthermore, the synthetic forms of the above metabolites showed that both the compounds had the ability to inhibit R. solanacearum under in vitro condition. On the basis of in silico and in vitro analyses, it was concluded that medicinal plant-associated Bacillus spp. could be used as a biocontrol agent in managing wilt disease caused by R. solanacearum. Keywords Bacillus . Glucosamine . Indole acetaldehyde . Ralstonia solanacearum . phcA gene
* Natrajan Amaresan [email protected]
1
C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus Bardoli, Surat, Gujarat 394350, India
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Introduction Bacterial wilt is a devastating disease found out all over the India. The bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum infects a broad range of economically important crop plants such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), potato (Solanum tuberosum), brinjal (Solanum melongena), and chili (Capsicum frutescens) [1, 2]. Each year bacterial wilt drops down the agriculture economy of India. For the management of bacterial wilt, chemicals such as copper hydroxide, chloropicrin, mixture of methyl bromide, dichloropropane, and metam sodium with chloropicrin can control bacterial wilt disease from 72 to 100% in tomato and tobacco plants [3]. Application of chemical pesticides and fertilizers not only gives significant results but also causes human hazards and environmental pollution. Further, long-term use of chemical fertilizers leads to reduction in natural microflora and fertility of the soil. This leads researchers to look for an alternati
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