In situ Preparation of Gold Nanoparticles in Alginate Gel Matrix by Solution Plasma Sputtering Process
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In situ Preparation of Gold Nanoparticles in Alginate Gel Matrix by Solution Plasma Sputtering Process Anyarat Watthanaphanit 1,2,*, Gasidit Panomsuwan 3, and Nagahiro Saito 2,3 1 EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan 2 Green Mobility Collaborative Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan 3 Department of Materials, Physics and Energy Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan ABSTRACT The rapid synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was done by solution plasma sputtering (SPS) process in the presence of a biopolymer, sodium alginate. We utilized the alginate polymer in order to meet three important requirements: (1) to promote the generation of plasma in liquid environment, (2) to provide colloidal stability, and (3) to render biocompatibility to the AuNPs. The effect of sodium alginate concentration (varied as 0.2, 0.5, and 0.9 %w/v) and plasma sputtering time on the particle size and the physical absorption property of the AuNPs were studied. The results indicated that preparation of AuNPs in alginate gel matrix was successful by the SPS process in one step without any reducing agents. This technique has high potential as a novel strategy to produce AuNPs suspended in alginate aqueous solution which is suitable for biomedical application. INTRODUCTION Recent advances in nanotechnology enable AuNPs to be used in biomedical applications [1]. Examples of the applications are DNA sensors [2], drug delivery [3], and treatment of cancer [4]. From a biological viewpoint, the nanoparticles should be passivated with a layer acting as a biocompatible interface before administration into living organisms, so as to confirm the safety of the nanoparticles to interact with target cells. Some work reported the synthesis of AuNPs by chemical method before dispersing them in a natural biopolymer, such as sodium alginate, and then in vivo administration [5,6]. Not only for safety issues, this biopolymer matrix functions to stabilize the AuNPs or prevent the agglomeration and settlement of the particles. Although methods for the preparation of AuNPs using chemicals are being widely applied, they may associate with biological toxicity. Here we present the preparation of AuNPs in alginate gel matrix in one step by using solution plasma sputtering process [7]. We select alginate polymer (Figure 1a) as a matrix since it is one of the most commonly used material for the encapsulation of biologicals [8,9]. The alginate polymer can both provide colloidal stability to the AuNPs and promote the generation of plasma in the liquid environment [10]. Furthermore, no other chemical is needed and the process can be done at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Effect of alginate concentration on the size of the AuNPs is studied.
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EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS Materials and sample preparation Sodium alginate was purchased from Kanto Chemical Co., Inc. (Tokyo, Japan). Ultrapure water from Aquarius water distillation apparatus, RFD250NB, Advantec (Tokyo,
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