Synthesis of Nanomaterials Using Solution Plasma Process
This chapter introduces the synthesis of nanomaterials by solution plasma process (SPP). The SPP was used as a simple method for metal nanoparticles (NPs) synthesis, bimetallic NPs, and NPs incorporated in mesoporous silica. The SPP, which is a non-equili
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Synthesis of Nanomaterials Using Solution Plasma Process Nagahiro Saito, Tomonaga Ueno, Maria Antoaneta Bratescu and Junko Hieda
Abstract This chapter introduces the synthesis of nanomaterials by solution plasma process (SPP). The SPP was used as a simple method for metal nanoparticles (NPs) synthesis, bimetallic NPs, and NPs incorporated in mesoporous silica. The SPP, which is a non-equilibrium plasma, can provide an extremely rapid reduction of a metal ion to the neutral form without using a reducing agent. Preferential oxidation (PROX) of CO is an important practical process to purify H2 for use in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Pt NPs in mesoporous silica synthesized by the SPP give a high conversion rate at a lower temperature. Recently, we focused on developing the SPP for producing carbon materials containing heteroatom as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst. The SPP method can produce low-cost carbon materials, in one-step process, with controllable structure.
Keywords Solution plasma Plasma in liquid Metal nanoparticles Mesoporous silica Carbon
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Introduction
In this chapter, we present the application of solution plasma process (SPP) in the synthesis of nanomaterials. The SPP is a discharge in a liquid environment at atmospheric pressure and usually at room temperature. Plasma in water has been known since 1899 when different pairs of metal electrodes were used to generate the discharge, and the optical emission spectra were collected to explain various features of spectral lines observed in astronomy [1, 2]. In our group, the SPP was N. Saito (&) T. Ueno J. Hieda Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan e-mail: [email protected] N. Saito M. A. Bratescu Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 Y. Setsuhara et al. (eds.), Novel Structured Metallic and Inorganic Materials, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7611-5_23
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used as a simple method for metal nanoparticles (NPs) synthesis, since this non-equilibrium plasma can provide an extremely rapid reduction of a metal ion to the neutral form without using a reducing agent. The SPP offers the possibility to control the NPs size by controlling the surrounding chemistry of the solution and operates in normal temperature and pressure conditions [3–5]. We have also demonstrated another merit of the SPP method for the fabrication of bimetallic NPs using a combination of the reduction reaction of the metal (M) ion to the neutral state, while simultaneously eroding the electrodes during the discharge, which generates the second metal in the structure of the bimetallic NPs. This combination of processes makes SPP a more useful method since no reducing agent or gold precursor is required in the reaction mixture, thus offering an ecologically friendly procedure for nanostructure synthesis. The electron transfer effect between t
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