In vitro Apatite Deposition and Biodegradation of Porous Gelatin-Silicate Hybrids Derived from Sol-Gel Process
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In vitro Apatite Deposition and Biodegradation of Porous Gelatin-Silicate Hybrids Derived from Sol-Gel Process Lei REN, Kanji TSURU, Satoshi HAYAKAWA, Akiyoshi OSAKA Biomaterial Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama-shi, 700-8530, Japan ABSTRACT Ca(II) containing porous hybrids of gelatin and 3-(glycidoxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (GPSM) were prepared with sol-gel processing and freeze-drying techniques. The freezing temperature could control porosity and pore size of the hybrids. The biodegradation rate of the hybrids in a Tris buffer solution decreased with an increase in GPSM content. The bone-like apatite layer could form on the Ca(II) containing porous gelatin-silicate hybrids when they were soaked in a stimulated body fluid (SBF), hence they were applicable to be the bioactive scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 1. INTRODUCTION Porous scaffolds have been used widely in clinics since they support, reinforce and in some cases organize the regenerating tissue. A controlled pore architecture could allow cell infiltration, attachment, growth, tissue regeneration, and vascularization [1]. The scaffold may be required to be bioactive enough to bond to living tissue when they are implanted. Various natural polymers such as collagen, gelatin, and chitosan are osteoinductive and biodegradable, and have been investigated to be the scaffolds for cell transplantation and tissue engineering [2-3]. However, they are not bioactive and are unstable as to be dissolved in a very short period. Several materials, such as Bioglass®, Glass-Ceramic A-W® and chemically treated titanium, can form a strong bond through an intervening apatite layer that spontaneously deposits when implanted [4-5]. Si-OH (silanol) and Ti-OH groups as well as Ca (II) ions have been shown to play the key roles on the apatite nucleation and growth [4-5]. Hybrid materials derived from the integration of those nature polymers with such ceramics species may be both biodegradable and bioactive hence can construct a group of scaffolds appropriate for tissue engineering. In a previous work [6], the present authors synthesized gelatin-silicate hybrids through sol-gel procedure employing gelatin and 3-(glycidoxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (GPSM) as the starting materials. They showed the GPSM molecules bridge the gelatin chains [6]. In the present study, Ca(II) ion containing gelatin-silicate hybrids were synthesized through similar sol-gel procedure starting from gelatin, GPSM, and Ca(NO3)2 as the raw materials. Highly porous hybrids were prepared using a freeze-drying technique. The effects of the composition and synthetic conditions on porosity, the rate of degradation, and bioactivity of the hybrids will be discussed.
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Table 1. Compositions, freezing temperature, pore characterizat
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