In vitro blood compatibility evaluation method: incubating while rotating hemodialyzers filled with fresh human blood
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BRIEF COMMUNICATION Artificial Kidney / Dialysis
In vitro blood compatibility evaluation method: incubating while rotating hemodialyzers filled with fresh human blood Kinue Kamata1 · Yoshihiro Hatanaka1 · Hiromi Tanaka1 · Satoru Inoue1 · Yusuke Tokimizu1 · Sayuri Tanba1 · Yuki Kishikawa1 · Toshinori Koizumi1 Received: 28 January 2020 / Accepted: 25 October 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract One of the often-used methods for in vitro evaluation of the blood compatibility of hemodialysis membranes is the circulation of human blood through a miniaturized hemodialyzer. The use of a rather small amount of human blood in its evaluation is one advantage of this method. However, because it is manufactured by a different process than actual ones, a miniaturized hemodialyzer membrane cannot always preserve the properties of actual hemodialyzers. To address this problem, we established a new experimental method that uses a relatively small amount of human blood and actual dialyzers. In this method, a test hemodialyzer and a control hemodialyzer filled with human blood obtained from the same donor is slowly rotated to prevent spontaneous blood cell sedimentation for 4 h at 37 °C. By use of this method, we were able to compare blood compatibility between a polysulfone (PS) membrane and a vitamin E (VE)-bonded PS membrane in terms of their relative antithrombotic, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory properties. Consistent with many previous reports, the results clearly showed that compared with the PS membrane, VE-bonded PS membrane is more blood compatible. These findings suggest that our method is applicable, at least to in vitro blood compatibility evaluation of PS type dialysis membranes. Keywords Vitamin E-bonded polysulfone membrane · Blood compatibility · Antithrombotic property · Antioxidative property · Anti-inflammatory property
Introduction When the blood of a patient undergoing hemodialysis touches the hemodialysis membrane, which is an artificial material, it is generally known that the platelets are activated [1], and consequently induces platelet adhesion on the hemodialysis membrane surface accompanied by platelet–platelet interaction and platelet–leukocyte interaction, causing thrombus formation. Simultaneously, leukocytes are also activated promoting the production of oxygen radicals [2].
* Kinue Kamata [email protected]‑kasei.co.jp * Yoshihiro Hatanaka [email protected]‑kasei.co.jp 1
Medical Technology and Material Laboratory, Research and Business Development Division, Asahi Kasei Medical Co., LTD., 2‑1, Samejima, Fuji‑City, Shizuoka 416‑8501, Japan
Many improvements in the materials of hemodialysis membranes have been made to improve blood compatibility so far [3]. Two evaluation method have been employed in studies to improve the blood compatibility of the materials. One is that using human blood and a miniaturized hemodialyzer [4], and the other is that using animal blood and actual hemodialyzers [5]. The former method can evaluate the blood compatibility, using a rather small amount of h
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