Preparation of Macroporous Carboxymethyl Cellulose Cryogels and Its Blood Compatibility
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MRS Advances © 2019 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2019.483
Preparation of Macroporous Carboxymethyl Cellulose Cryogels and Its Blood Compatibility Nurettin Saniner1,2 Selin S. Suner1 and Murat Tosunoglu3 1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science & Arts, and Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center (NANORAC) Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Terzioglu Campus, 17100, Canakkale, Turkey.
2
Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of South Florida, Eye Institute,12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
3
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science & Arts, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Terzioglu Campus, 17100, Canakkale, Turkey.
ABSTRACT
Superporous Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) cryogels were synthesized by chemical crosslinking of linear CMC with divinyl sulfone (DVS) with different mole ratios of CMC repeating unit down to 2.5%. The morphology of macroporous CMC cryogels was visualized by optic microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The swelling capacity and pore volume of CMC cryogels were found to increase with the decrease in the ratio of crosslinker to CMC, and the highest swelling capacity and pore volume values were 10825±1799% and 22.1±0.4 mL/g for 2.5% mole ratio of crosslinked CMC cryogels. The blood compatibility of CMC cryogels revealed that blood cells were destroyed with very low hemolysis ratio of 1.09±1% and also showed less thrombogenic activity with 80.2±5.1% blood clotting indexes.
INTRODUCTION Different biomaterials attained from natural sources attract substantial interest for applications in the biomedical related fields because of being biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic, renewable and sustainable providing significant biological advantages [1]. Carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) is a well-known biopolymer and used in wide range of applications including as an additive material in the food industry as
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thickening and stabilizing agent [2], pharmacological usage as drug and toothpaste additives, as well as detergents, textile, and in paper industries [3,4]. Macroporous and superporous form of hydrogels called cryogels with size ranges up to a few hundred micrometers were favored in a wide range of biological applications, tissue engineering, drug carriers, bio-separation, and so on due to their soft, elastic, and sponge-like structure [5-7]. Here, cryogels made from CMC with macro porosity in a three-dimensional hydrophilic natural polymeric network were synthesized by employing divinylsulfone (DVS) crosslinker in the 2.5-150% mole ratio range [8]. The morphological and chemical characterization of CMC cryogels was carried out by optic microscope, SEM, FT-IR spectroscopy, and TGA analysis. Moreover, the effects of crosslinker degree on the swelling capaci
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