In vitro culture method of Ditylenchus destructor (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) using garlic
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TECHNICAL NOTE
In vitro culture method of Ditylenchus destructor (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) using garlic Toyoshi Yoshiga1 Received: 19 August 2020 / Accepted: 17 September 2020 / Published online: 29 September 2020 © The Japanese Society of Applied Entomology and Zoology 2020
Abstract Ditylenchus destructor Thorne (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) is a plant-parasitic nematode that causes garlic rot in Japan. A method that can be used to culture the nematode on garlic has not yet been established, but is required to be able to conduct studies for a better understanding of the nematode’s physiology and ecology. The purpose of this study was to develop such a culture method. Surface-sterilized nematodes (200 individuals) were inoculated onto a surface-sterilized garlic storage leaf on 1% agar in a 100 ml medium bottle, and incubated at 25 °C. Seven weeks after inoculation, a mean number of approximately 360,000 axenic nematodes per bottle was obtained. The culture method established in this study is simple, less laborious, and can be useful for the studies of D. destructor associated with garlic. Keywords Fungal feeder · Fungivorous · Garlic clove · Nematode · Storage leaf
Introduction Ditylenchus destructor Thorne (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) is a plant-parasitic nematode with a relatively wide host range, that causes negative impacts on various plants worldwide. It is known to be a serious potato pest in Europe, and sweet potato pest in China (EPPO 2017; Plowright et al. 2002; Wang et al. 2016). In Japan, it has been known for causing iris bulbs to rot (Nakanishi 1979), although no current reports of crop damage, other than garlic, have been made. Since the first report of garlic rot by the nematode in 1984, it has been a serious cause of garlic rot in Japan (Fujimura et al. 1986; Kitano and Yamashita 2011). The garlic is infested by the nematode when it is still in the field, then rots during post-harvest storage. Garlic is usually planted from seed cloves, but it is difficult to discriminate nematode-infected garlic cloves from healthy ones. Although treatments, such as, the application of a seed dressing Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13355-020-00701-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
pre-planting using thiram-benomyl wettable powder, the drying of harvested garlic bulbs in a heated storage room, and soil fumigation with chloropicrin, are effective against the nematode (Fujimura et al. 1989; Kitano and Yamashita 2011), there is currently no method for complete removal of the nematode from infested garlic or the field. Thus, it is important to use the nematode’s physiology and ecology to develop novel management approaches for this species. Trophic conditions appear to influence the nematode’s behavior and physiology, such as, its infectivity, desiccation tolerance, longevity, survival and reproduction. Although D. destructor can be cultured using different fungi, or callus tissues of plants and potato and sweet pot
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