Increased expression of miR-222 is associated with poor prognosis in bladder cancer
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WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
RESEARCH
Open Access
Increased expression of miR-222 is associated with poor prognosis in bladder cancer Dong-qing Zhang*, Chang-kuo Zhou, Xue-wen Jiang, Jun Chen and Ben-kang Shi
Abstract Background: MicroRNA-222 (miR-222) has been shown to play a potential oncogenic role in bladder cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of miR-222 in bladder cancer and its potential relevance to clinicopathological characteristics and patient survival. Methods: Surgical specimens of cancer tissue and adjacent normal tissue were obtained from 97 patients with bladder cancer. The relative expression levels of miR-222 in the cancer and the normal adjacent tissue were measured by quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. We analyzed their correlation with clinicopathological parameters and prognostic value. Results: The expression level of miR-222 was significantly higher in tumor tissues than in corresponding non-cancerous tissues (5.46 ± 1.45 versus 1.92 ± 0.65, P < 0.0001), and a high expression of miR-222 was found to be significantly associated with tumor grade (P = 0.003) and tumor stage (P = 0.005). The miR-222 expression level was classified as high or low in relation to the median value (cutoff value = 5.15). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with higher levels of miR-222 had significantly poorer survival than those with lower expression of this miRNA in patients, with a 5-year overall survival of 29.53% and 52.75%, respectively (P = 0.0034). In the multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, which included miR-222 level, tumor grade, tumor stage, and tumor number, high miR-222 expression was independently associated with poor survival (P < 0.001; hazard ratio 6.17; 95% CI 2.33 to 10.39). Conclusion: miR-222 overexpression is involved in the poor prognosis of bladder cancer and can be used as a biomarker for selection of cases requiring special attention. Keywords: Bladder cancer, microRNA-222, Prognosis
Background Bladder cancer is the thirteenth leading cause of cancer death worldwide [1]. The age-adjusted incidence rate was 20.8 per 100,000 men and women per year, and the age-adjusted death rate was 4.4 per 100,000 men and women per year from 2006 to 2010. The incidence of bladder cancer increases with age, peaking between 50 and 70 years, and the disease is approximately three times more common in males than in females [2]. miRNAs have been identified as signatures associated with diagnosis, staging, progression, prognosis, and response to treatment in human cancer [3-5]. Mature miRNAs are small (20 to 21 nucleotides in length) endogenous non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression * Correspondence: [email protected] Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
of target genes at the post-transcription level through degradation of transcripts and inhibition of translation by mainly binding to the 3’-UTR of target mRNA [6]. The functions of miRNA have been shown to be involved in vario
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