Indonesia: Lesson Learned from Yogyakarta and Central Java Earthquakes
The role of schools of nursing cannot be undermined in times of disaster. Universitas Gadjah Mada School of Nursing has proven its competence in managing survivors during the Yogyakarta and Central Java earthquakes on May 27, 2006. This disaster caused a
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Indonesia: Lesson Learned from Yogyakarta and Central Java Earthquakes Syahirul Alim
5.1
Introduction
Indonesia is located in the Pacific Ring of Fire (an area with a high degree of tectonic activity). It is in constant risk of volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, floods, and tsunamis. In the last 15 years, Indonesia has experienced devastating earthquakes that resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of human and animal lives and affected the infrastructure and economy of the country.
5.2
The 2006 Yogyakarta and Central Java Earthquakes
The 2006 Yogyakarta and Central Java Earthquakes (also known as the Bantul earthquake) with a magnitude of 6.4 and a maximum intensity of IX (Destructive) on the Medvedev–Sponheuer–Karnik scale hit the southern coast of Java near the city of Yogyakarta on May 27, 2006. The earthquake was originally thought to be related to the eruption of Mount Merapi and then to the Opak Fault that lies to the east of the affected areas, but later interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) analysis revealed that another previously unknown fracture was responsible for the sequence of shocks.
5.3
Impact of Yogyakarta and Central Java Earthquakes
Yogyakarta and Central Java earthquakes on May 27, 2006 led to numerous casualties. It was reported that the number of casualties were more than 5700 people reported killed and more than 37,000 people reported injured (see Table 5.1). S. Alim, PhD Faculty of Medicine, School of Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia e-mail: [email protected] © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 S. Bonito, H. Minami (eds.), The Role of Nurses in Disaster Management in Asia Pacific, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-41309-9_5
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Table 5.1 Number of people reported killed and people reported injured Province and district Yogyakarta Bantul Sleman Yogyakarta City Kulonprogo Gunung Kidul Central Java Klaten Magelang Boyolali Sukoharjo Wonogiri Purworejo Total
People reported killed 4659 4121 240 195 22 81 1057 1041 10 4 1 – 1 5716
People reported injured 19,401 12,026 3792 318 2179 1086 18,526 18,127 24 300 67 4 4 37,927
Source: Yogyakarta Media Centre, 7 June 2006 (as cited in BAPPENAS, 2006)
5.4
ealth Sector Response to Yogyakarta and Central Java H Earthquakes
The scale of the damage was made worse by failure to meet safe building standards and employ basic earthquake-resistant construction methods (FuturArc, 2006). Most of the houses in the area were built with low-quality materials without structural frames and reinforcing pillars. Many deaths and injuries occurred when buildings and walls collapsed. The condition during response phase right after the quake was chaotic with people scrambling around due to the misguided information about the prediction of tsunami. People rushed off to the street using motorcycles and cars causing traffic jams in some areas in Yogyakarta to the higher places. This condition also caused some casualties. This case leads to an important lesson to con
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