Productivity benefits from integrating Acacia auriculiformis and agricultural cropping in Java, Indonesia
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Productivity benefits from integrating Acacia auriculiformis and agricultural cropping in Java, Indonesia Arom Figyantika Mark A. Hunt
. Daniel S. Mendham . Marcus A. Hardie . Eko B. Hardiyanto .
Received: 19 August 2019 / Accepted: 1 September 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Agroforestry systems provide smallholder farmers with opportunities to broaden their income base. However, as planting trees can come at the cost of reduced crop yield because of competition for resources, farmers need to understand the consequences of tree growing on crop productivity. This paper explores the impacts of Acacia auriculiformis on agricultural crop productivity during the first three cropping seasons in Gunungkidul, Java, Indonesia; maize then soybean was planted in each season. We also sought to understand whether water competition was a factor in determining productivity in this
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-020-00534-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. A. Figyantika (&) M. A. Hunt School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Tasmania 7001, Australia e-mail: [email protected] A. Figyantika E. B. Hardiyanto Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia D. S. Mendham CSIRO Land and Water, College Road, Tasmania, TAS 7005, Australia M. A. Hardie Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Tasmania 7001, Australia
agroforestry system, as this environment is characterised by a long (* 6-month) dry season. A randomised complete block design with five replications was used, with three treatments, monoculture A. auriculiformis trees, monoculture agricultural crops, and an agroforestry plot that combined the trees and crop. At the final measure, at age 27 months, the trees were 7.4 and 6.9 m in height and 7.2 and 7.1 cm in diameter in the monoculture and in the agroforestry systems respectively, and treatment had no significant effect on the tree height or diameter. Grain yield of soybean was not affected by treatment in any of the three growing seasons, but both grain and stover yields of maize were significantly lower in the agroforestry system than in the monoculture in the third growing season. Differences in soil water deficit, and pre-dawn and mid-day leaf water potentials in A. auriculiformis and soybean were generally not significant between treatments in all three growing seasons. land equivalent ratios for the A. auriculiformis agroforestry system decreased from the 1st to the 3rd growing seasons but remained [ 1.3. As fertilizer was applied it was assumed that there was no nutrient limitation. It was therefore concluded that tree shading was primarily responsible for reductions in productivity, and that this affect was greater on maize than soybean grain yield. Keywords Agroforestry system Water competition Tree growth Maize Soybean Land equivalent ratio Augmentative cropping
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