Genotoxicity in the rivers from the Brantas catchment (East Java, Indonesia): occurrence in sediments and effects in Ore
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Genotoxicity in the rivers from the Brantas catchment (East Java, Indonesia): occurrence in sediments and effects in Oreochromis niloticus (Linnæus 1758) Yenny Risjani 1,2 & Géraldine Loppion 3 & Jérôme Couteau 3 & Yunianta Yunianta 2,4 & Ita Widowati 5 & Alfi Hermawati 6 & Christophe Minier 7 Received: 22 October 2019 / Accepted: 23 March 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This paper reports the first data from an integrated study investigating genotoxicity in the Brantas River, Java, Indonesia. Results showed that organic sediment extracts from the sites in the Brantas Delta retained genotoxic compounds identified using the SOS Chromotest and that the Aloo River and, to a lesser extent, the Surabaya River were the most contaminated studied sites. This genotoxicity was attributable to compounds that did not require any bioactivation under the test conditions. Occurrence of genotoxic effects was further investigated in erythrocytes from Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. High numbers of micronuclei were counted, especially in fish sampled in the rivers of the Brantas Delta. Moreover, cytoplasmic alterations which could be indicative of the presence of lipofuscin were found in the cytoplasm of the fish blood cells, especially in fish from the Aloo, Surabaya and Kalimas rivers. Altogether, our data showed that genotoxicity is occurring in fish living in rivers of the delta of the Brantas River and suggest that sediments from these sites may constitute a major source of pollution and hazard for species living or feeding in the area. Keywords Brantas River . Genotoxicity . SOS Chromotest . Micronuclei . Fish . Nile tilapia
Introduction A large number of chemicals contaminating the environment have carcinogenic or mutagenic effects. Many of them, Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues * Christophe Minier [email protected] 1
Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
2
BioEcotox Research Center, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
3
TOXEM, Le Havre, France
4
Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
5
Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
6
Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Indonesia
7
UMR-I 02 SEBIO, University of Le Havre-Normandie, 30 rue Philippe Lebon, Le Havre, France
especially PAHs, can partition into the sediment in the aquatic environment (Narbonne et al. 1999; Metcalfe et al. 1990; Chen and White 2004). Aquatic organisms are then exposed to this contamination and subject to DNA or cellular damages which can affect the population and the ecosystem by passing through the trophic chain (Izquierdo et al. 2003; Diekmann et al. 2004). Accordingly, genotoxic metabolites have been found in various aquatic and marine organisms (Wessel et al. 2010; Bolognesi et al. 2006; Baršiené et al. 2006; Floehr et al. 2015). Various tests can be performed to evaluate the genotoxicity. Am
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