Industrial Activities in India and Their Impact on Agroecosystem
Industrial profile of a city indicate nature of pollution that surrounding environment is facing or is likely to encounter. Though investigation on land resources for changes in soil quality due their activity has not been made adequately in India, an ass
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Industrial Activities in India and Their Impact on Agroecosystem
Abstract Industrial profile of a city indicate nature of pollution that surrounding environment is facing or is likely to encounter. Though investigation on land resources for changes in soil quality due their activity has not been made adequately in India, an assessment of mining & industrial activities may indicate the potential threat to surrounding agroecosystem. The country has considerable environmentally destructive mining activities in about 57 million ha land area in several states altering the land morphology and existing land use and releasing heavy metals in the environment. About 595 metallic mines along with associated smelters, 145 thermal power plants, quite a large number of large & small scale metallurgical, chlor-alkali industry and tannery industry are likely to have adverse impact on land and water bodies through release of metals. More than 70,000 chemical and petrochemical industries in the country have the potential to contaminate land and water resources with toxic organic pollutants affecting various life forms. Considerable number of high volume effluent generating industries like textile, distillery, tannery, paper mill etc. may increase salinity of soil and groundwater. This chapter describes extent, distribution and possible impacts of polluting industries in India indicating potential threat faced by the environment including agroecosystem. Keywords Industry • Mining • Waste • Impact • Soil • Environment • India
Industrial activities are mostly responsible for entry of pollutants into agricultural land in India. Post 1980s, the country saw economic liberalization and achieved a further impetus since mid 1991. The industrial sector is estimated to account for around 29.5% of the India’s gross domestic product (GDP) and it employs over 17% of the total workforce in the year 2015–2016. Their growth rate reached to 7.6% in 2015–2016. In that year, the mining and quarrying sector contributed 2.4%, the manufacturing sector contributed 17.2%, and the water supply, gas, and electricity sector contributed 2.4%. This shows that Industry Growth Rate in India GDP has been on the rise over the last few years. This rise in growth in the resource intensive manufacturing sector is enabled and facilitated by an ever-increasing rate of material use leading to manifold impacts to the environment. According to the assessment done by the authors of the report, the annual cost of environmental degradation in India amounts to about Rs. 3.75 trillion ($80 billion) equivalent to © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017 J.K. Saha et al., Soil Pollution - An Emerging Threat to Agriculture, Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World 10, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-4274-4_9
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9 Industrial Activities in India and Their Impact on Agroecosystem
5.7% of GDP (World Bank 2013). Of this total, cost due to croplands degradation was about 1.07% of GDP. While estimating cost due to croplands degradation, only salinity, erosion and water-logging
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