Infection status of human parvovirus B19, cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex Virus-1/2 in women with first-trimester spo
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RESEARCH
Open Access
Infection status of human parvovirus B19, cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex Virus1/2 in women with first-trimester spontaneous abortions in Chongqing, China Ya-Ling Gao1, Zhan Gao3,4, Miao He3,4* and Pu Liao2*
Abstract Background: Infection with Parvovirus B19 (B19V), Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Herpes Simplex Virus-1/2 (HSV-1/2) may cause fetal loses including spontaneous abortion, intrauterine fetal death and non-immune hydrops fetalis. Few comprehensive studies have investigated first-trimester spontaneous abortions caused by virus infections in Chongqing, China. Our study intends to investigate the infection of B19V, CMV and HSV-1/2 in first-trimester spontaneous abortions and the corresponding immune response. Methods: 100 abortion patients aged from 17 to 47 years were included in our study. The plasma samples (100) were analyzed qualitatively for specific IgG/IgM for B19V, CMV and HSV-1/2 (Virion\Serion, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. B19V, CMV and HSV-1/2 DNA were quantification by Real-Time PCR. Results: No specimens were positive for B19V, CMV, and HSV-1/2 DNA. By serology, 30.0%, 95.0%, 92.0% of patients were positive for B19V, CMV and HSV-1/2 IgG respectively, while 2% and 1% for B19V and HSV-1/2 IgM. Conclusion: The low rate of virus DNA and a high proportion of CMV and HSV-1/2 IgG for most major of abortion patients in this study suggest that B19V, CMV and HSV-1/2 may not be the common factor leading to the spontaneous abortion of early pregnancy. Keywords: Human parvovirus B19, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex Virus-1/2, First-trimester spontaneous abortion, Real-time qPCR
Background Spontaneous miscarriage, one of the most common pregnancy complications, is not only related to morbidity or mortality [1], but also has an obvious social and psychological impact on women [2]. The incidence of spontaneous miscarriages in pregnancies was reported to be as high as 15%, and at least 80% of those occurred in the first trimester of pregnancy [3]. There are many reasons leading to spontaneous abortions such as genetic factors, * Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] 3 Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610052, China 2 The People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400000, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
reproductive anatomical abnormalities, embryo factors and virus infections, in which virus infections have attracted more and more attention [4, 5]. Early spontaneous miscarriage (ESM) has many causes, such as uterine structural defects and chromosomal abnormalities. However, the cause of 40% of ESMs remains unclear [6]. Abnormal implantation, placentation or blood vessel transformation are thought to result in miscarriage [7, 8]. An active infection could interfere with the pregnancy by affecting any of the above-mentioned processes as well as disrupt the immune balance, whether it resulted in placental and fetal infection or not. Some recent studies showed that
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