Screening for Human Parvovirus B19 Infection in Egyptian Family Replacement Blood Donors
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Screening for Human Parvovirus B19 Infection in Egyptian Family Replacement Blood Donors Rabab Hasanain Ahmed Hasanain1 • Rania M. Saleh2 Hanaa H. Gomaa1
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Fadia M. Attia2
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Received: 10 December 2019 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 Ó Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion 2020
Abstract Up till now, screening for human parvovirus B19 is not routine in national Egyptian blood bank strategy. Blood samples were collected from 500 healthy blood donors within the age range from 18 to 45 years old attending the blood bank of Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia, Egypt. Sera were separated and stored at - 20 °C. Serum samples were screened for anti-human parvovirus B19 IgM and IgG antibodies and B19 genome using ELISA and real-time PCR respectively. Frequency of B19 IgM and B19 IgG antibodies was 6.20%, and 80.20% respectively, and the prevalence of B19 genome was 3.00%. There is a high frequency of human parvovirus B19 among Egyptian blood donors; therefore, serological screening for B19 is warranted. Keywords Human parvovirus B19 Blood transfusion ELISA Real-time PCR
Introduction Human parvovirus B19 (B19) is a member of parvoviridae, subfamily Parvovirinae. B19 is a small, non-enveloped, single stranded DNA virus [1, 2]. The B19 capsid consists of major viral capsid protein and minor viral capsid protein [3]. B19 has many nonstructural (NS) proteins, NS1 is the most abundant one & Rania M. Saleh [email protected] 1
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
2
Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
which has many roles: the site-specific DNA Binding, regulation of gene transcription, and apoptosis [4, 5]. Most of the clinical manifestations of B19 is being initiated by the apoptotic activity of NS1 which being responsible for damaging the erythroid precursors [6, 7]. B19 tropism is specific to human erythroid progenitors, fetal liver and umbilical blood erythroblasts, which is explained by the fact that the erythroid cells possess the blood group antigen globoside which is the main receptor for the B19 virus and the property of the rapid division of the erythroid cells, which provides good environment for B19 replication and transcription [8–10]. Transmission of B19 occur by personal contact through aerosol or respiratory secretions. B19 transmission through contaminated blood products occur, such as clotting factor concentrates [11]. B19 transmitted vertically, as the virus transmitted from an infected mother to her fetus, which result in non-immune fetal hydrops, intrauterine fetal death, or spontaneous abortion [12, 13]. B19 seroprevalence increases with age, 70% of the adult population is seropositive [14]. The incubation period begins from exposure to the virus to the beginning of symptoms and ranges from 4 to 14 days [15]. Anti B19 specific IgG antibodies can be detected 15 days following the infection and are directed initially against both linear and conformational epitop
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