Influence of aluminum doping on microstructure, optical and electrical properties of c axis oriented zinc oxide nano fil
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Influence of aluminum doping on microstructure, optical and electrical properties of c axis oriented zinc oxide nano films prepared by nebulizer spray pyrolysis technique M. Thirumoorthi1 · Tansir Ahamad2 · Saad M. Alshehri2 Received: 1 September 2020 / Accepted: 17 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Transparent conducting aluminum-doped ZnO thin films have been prepared by nebulizer spray pyrolysis technique for different doping concentrations on glass substrates. X-ray diffraction patterns reveal that all the films are polycrystalline of hexagonal structure with c–axis orientations. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images noticed that the films have a uniform surface morphology consist spike shaped particles and low surface roughness. The optical transmittance in visible region was escalated from 85 to 93% and optical band gap of thin films is also improved from 3.27 to 3.37 eV. Photoluminescence spectra show mainly five emissions peaks and a blue shift observed in UV emission peak. Hall Effect measurements show that the prepared films having n-type conductivity with low resistivity and high carrier concentrations. Keywords ZnO:Al thin films · Nebulizer spray pyrolysis · Microstructure · Optical properties · Electrical properties List of symbols β Full width at half maximum (rad) D Crystallite size (nm) λ Wavelength of X-ray (Å) θ Bragg’s angle (º) d Lattice spacing (Å) ε Strain h,k,l Miller indices a,c Lattice constants (Å) α Absorption coefficient T Transmittance (%) hν Photon energy (eV) Eg Optical band gap (eV) ρ Resistivity (Ω cm) n Carrier concentrations (/cm3) Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-020-04087-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * M. Thirumoorthi [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, H. H. The Rajah’s College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Pudukkottai 622001, Tamilnadu, India
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
2
µ Mobility (cm/Vs) q Charge of electron (C)
1 Introduction Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) are doped metal oxides with a comparatively high optical transmittance of light in visible region and high electrical conductivity. This is usually prepared in the form of thin film and used in optoelectronic devices such as photovoltaic devices (organic, inorganic and dye-sensitized solar cells), flat panel displays, light emitting diodes, transparent electrodes and gas sensor. The electrical conductivity of the TCO can be tuned easily from semiconducting to conducting as well as its optical transparency. The essential requirements of TCO in terms of properties are optical transmittance of visible light is more than 80% and the electrical resistivity is less than 1 × 10–3 Ω-cm [1]. In terms of essential requirements indium tin oxide is most popular TCO widely used in industries. In indium tin oxide, the primary compound
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