Influence of coconut shell ash on workability, mechanical properties, and embodied carbon of concrete
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Influence of coconut shell ash on workability, mechanical properties, and embodied carbon of concrete Naraindas Bheel 1 & Santosh Kumar Mahro 2 & Adeyemi Adesina 3 Received: 28 April 2020 / Accepted: 15 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The significant contribution of the carbon dioxide emission from the production of Portland cement which is the main binder used in concrete has called for an imminent need to find environmentally friendly materials as alternatives. The availability of large quantities of agricultural wastes such as coconut shell in most developing countries opens a pathway to explore how these materials can be recycled into concrete as the binder composition. The combustion of most solid agricultural wastes results in the production of ash which can be used to replace Portland cement as a binder in concrete. This paper presents the results from the experimental investigation of the effect of coconut shell ash on the workability, mechanical properties, and embodied carbon of concrete. A total of five mixtures were made with coconut shell ash replacing Portland cement up to 20%. Results from this paper showed that coconut shell ash can be incorporated into concrete mixtures to reduce its embodied carbon. A reduction in embodied carbon of about 15% was achieved when 20% of Portland cement was replaced with coconut shell ash. The incorporation of coconut shell ash into concrete mixtures also resulted in an increase in the mechanical properties up to 10% replacement of Portland cement. The compressive, tensile, and flexural strength of mixtures incorporating 10% coconut shell ash as replacement of Portland cement is 12%, 10%, and 9% higher than that of the control mixture without coconut shell ash. Keywords Concrete . Portland cement . Coconut shell ash . Workability . Mechanical properties . Embodied carbon . Sustainability
Introduction The growing demand and production of Portland cement (PC) for manufacturing concrete have resulted in a significant carbon dioxide emission into the environment and deterioration of the environment due to the over exploration of raw materials. The production of PC has been found to be a major contributor to the world’s human-induced carbon emission resulting in about 7% of the total carbon emissions (Adesina 2018; Andrew 2018). This has resulted in a consequential increase in the Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues * Adeyemi Adesina [email protected] 1
Department of Civil Engineering, Hyderabad College of Science & Technology, Hyderabad, Pakistan
2
Institute of Environmental Engineering & Management, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan
3
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada
embodied carbon of concrete. As more demand and production of PC are anticipated in the coming years, it is essential to find alternative materials that can be used to replace PC in order to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions and stra
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