Mechanical characterisation of sustainable fibre-reinforced lightweight concrete incorporating waste coconut shell as co
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Mechanical characterisation of sustainable fibre‑reinforced lightweight concrete incorporating waste coconut shell as coarse aggregate and sisal fibre R. Prakash1 · R. Thenmozhi2 · S. N. Raman3 · C. Subramanian1 · N. Divyah2 Received: 20 November 2019 / Revised: 20 July 2020 / Accepted: 17 August 2020 © Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2020
Abstract The construction industry is largely dependent on concrete as a construction material. The aggregate occupies a major volume of concrete. However, the continuous extraction of granite rock for coarse aggregate leads to the increase in demand of natural resources of future generations. In this study, coconut shell, an agricultural waste, is used to replace conventional aggregate in concrete for producing coconut shell lightweight concrete. To enhance the weak mechanical characteristics of lightweight concrete, various contents of sisal fibre at 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% have been added on the basis of the binder’s weight. Mechanical properties, such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, elastic modulus and impact resistance, were examined. Results showed that the compressive strength increased by up to 6% when 3% fibre was added. An improvement in split tensile strength of 14%, flexural strength of 11% and modulus of elasticity of 6% was observed when a maximum of 3% fibre was added. Impact resistance was also excellent after the addition of sisal fibre. Thus, coconut shell concrete with sisal fibre is considered as a suitable and eco-friendly construction material alternative for the construction industry. Keywords Agricultural waste · Fibre-reinforced concrete · Fly ash · Lightweight concrete · Natural fibre · Sustainability
Introduction Concrete is the second most consumed element next to water in the world and is a commonly used construction material (Meyer 2009). The production of concrete exceeds 10 billion tons annually. The use of concrete has accelerated because of the advancements in infrastructure worldwide. However, the extensive use of the material has also caused some drawbacks, such as the continuous large extraction of Editorial responsibility: Q. Aguilar-Virgen. * R. Prakash [email protected] 1
Department of Civil Engineering, Alagappa Chettiar Government College of Engineering and Technology, Karaikudi, Tamilnadu 630 003, India
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641 013, India
3
Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
aggregate from natural resources, and led to the deficiency of resources and ecological imbalance. To date, the construction industry is seeking for clean and green concrete solutions to achieve a sustainable and eco-friendly construction. One of the approaches adopted by researchers is by replacing coarse aggregate with alternative sources to make concrete more economical and lead towards sustaina
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