Influence of exogenous polyamines on somatic embryogenesis and regeneration of fresh and long-term cultures of three eli
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Influence of exogenous polyamines on somatic embryogenesis and regeneration of fresh and long‑term cultures of three elite indica rice cultivars Sathish Sundararajan1 · Hari Priya Sivakumar1 · Safia Nayeem1 · Venkatesh Rajendran1 · Sivakumar Subiramani1 · Sathishkumar Ramalingam1 Received: 8 April 2020 / Accepted: 10 October 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó Zrt. 2020
Abstract The influence of putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm) on somatic embryogenesis (SE) and plant regeneration of three indica rice cultivars (ASD16, IR64, and ADT43) were evaluated since polyamines (PAs) are reported to play vital roles in SE and plant regeneration. Significant increases in the regeneration potential of the rice cultivars upon polyamine treatments were observed. Put (1.0 mM) induced the highest regeneration frequencies, somatic embryos, and shoot numbers. PAs influenced the fresh weights of the suspension cultures. Spd was found to be detrimental to cultivar ADT43 towards embryogeneicity, regeneration, and somatic embryo induction. Among the cultivars, ASD16 was found to respond superiorly to the polyamine treatment. Experiments with long-term cultures of the rice revealed that Put and Spm enhanced the regeneration potential, and the highest frequencies were recorded for ASD16 and IR64. Results indicate that PAs can be effectively used as growth modulators to achieve success in in vitro tissue and genetic manipulation studies with elite recalcitrant indica rice cultivars. Keywords Indica rice · Long-term cultures · Polyamines · Regeneration · Somatic embryogenesis
Introduction Rice (Oryza sativa L.) not only feeds half of the world’s population but is also a prominent and proven model monocot system for genetic engineering and functional genomic studies. An efficient callus induction, plant regeneration system to produce amenable tissues suitable for genetic transformation and to regenerate whole plants are the prime and essential steps before employing any genetic improvement program (Dievart et al. 2016). Once such a proficient system
Communicated by J. Zimny. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-020-00098-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Sathishkumar Ramalingam [email protected] 1
Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India
is in place, it can facilitate accomplishing several objectives, including the transfer of useful genes and in vitro screening at the cellular level for desired traits. It also assists researchers in producing fertile plants with improved grain yield and quality, crops with enhanced tolerance to biotic, abiotic stress resistances/tolerances, and grains with high nutritive values (Datta et al. 1990). Among the most widely cultivated two ecotypes of rice, indica and japonica, reproducible plant regeneration success has been restricted in indica rice varieties. In consequence, the introduction
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