Influence of nanomaterial on high-volume fly ash concrete: a statistical approach
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Influence of nanomaterial on high‑volume fly ash concrete: a statistical approach Avuthu Narender Reddy1 · P. Narashima Reddy2 · Bode Venkata Kavyateja3 · G. Gautham Kishore Reddy4 Received: 8 April 2020 / Accepted: 11 July 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract This work is focused on the mechanical properties of ternary blended nanoconcrete replacing cement with fly ash and nanosilica in the optimized percentage. Ternary blended nanoconcrete mix is designed with 0.45 water-to-binder ratio and 438 kg/m3 of cementitious content in all mixtures with a combination of various percentages of nanosilica and 40% of fly ash by weight of cement. The mechanical properties like compressive, split tensile and flexural strength tests at the age of 7, 14 and 28 days are performed. With the addition of nanosilica, the enhancement was observed in all mechanical properties, but when the dosage of nanosilica was more than optimum, bleeding as well as segregation in concrete was observed. Response surface method was used in predicting the values of compressive strength in this work, which was found to be in agreement with the experimental observations with at least 95% confidence levels. Keywords Fly ash · Nanosilica · Compressive strength · Split tensile strength · Flexural strength · Response surface method
Introduction Cement has become a dominant raw material in the manufacture of concrete. The demand for cement is increasing worldwide with a consumption of nearly 4.3 billion tones every year. For the production of cement, a large amount of energy is consumed and it is one of the largest sources in the emission of CO2 gas. About 13500 million tons of C O2 gas * Avuthu Narender Reddy [email protected] P. Narashima Reddy [email protected] Bode Venkata Kavyateja [email protected] G. Gautham Kishore Reddy [email protected] 1
Department of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
2
Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
3
Department of Civil Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Anantapur, India
4
Department of Civil Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering College, Puducherry, India
is released during the production of cement. It is believed that the cement manufacturing process releases nearly 6% of the greenhouse gases contributing toward global warming [1, 2]. So, there is a need to develop alternative ecofriendly building material, which can reduce the adverse impact on the environment by curtailing the consumption of OPC as well as help in consuming industrial waste byproducts as supplementary cementitious materials [3–5]. A lot of research is being done to find the supplementary cementitious material in order to safeguard the environment. Efforts are being made for usage of industrial by-products as cementitious materials possessing pozzolanic properties [6]. The pozzo
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