Influence of Nitrogen Fertilizers and Biopreparations on Productivity and Quality of Spring Wheat Grain
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EMISTRY. SOIL SCIENCE
Influence of Nitrogen Fertilizers and Biopreparations on Productivity and Quality of Spring Wheat Grain A. A. Alferova, * and L. S. Chernovaa a
Pryanishnikov All-Russia Research Institute of Agrochemistry, Moscow, 127434 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received March 14, 2020; revised March 30, 2020; accepted April 1, 2020
Abstract—The results of research on the influence of biologics based on rhizosphere microorganisms on the yield of spring wheat grain on different backgrounds of mineral nutrition on sod-podzolic light-loamy soil are presented. It was found that inoculation of spring wheat seeds with biologics provides an increase in grain yield by 1.2–1.3 times, while nitrogen fertilizer at doses of N45 and N90 provide increases by two and 3.5 times, respectively. The collection of raw protein due to the improvement of nitrogen nutrition increases with the introduction of N45 by two times and with N90 by 3.6 times; that with the use of biological products is by 25–45%. The vast majority of the nitrogen consumed accumulated in the grain, while less in the straw. The grain of spring wheat, while improving the supply of nitrogen to plants during the growing season, contained 76–81% of thiselement from the accumulated harvest. It is concluded that the use of biologics on sod-podzolic light-loamy soil has a positive effect on the growth of spring wheat grain mass, improves the quality of products, and increases the payback of mineral fertilizers by increasing the yield. Keywords: spring wheat, microbial preparations, biopreparations, nitrogen fertilizers, raw protein, grain weight DOI: 10.3103/S1068367420040023
INTRODUCTION The contemporary development of agriculture in Russia that implies the wide use of adaptive-landscape farming systems and decrease in the use of mineral fertilizers in comparison with 1990 (from 83 to 57 kg/ha) results in increased importance of additional nutritious elements for plants, especially nitrogen [1–3]. Lack of mineral nitrogen and the necessity to increase agricultural productivity at decreased energy expenses for the plant-breeding industry requires the complex use of both mineral and biological nitrogen [4]. Therefore, it is important to study utilization of biological nitrogen by plants since up to 70–90% of arable soil nitrogen is fixed from air by symbiotic, associated, and free-living microorganisms [5]. Moreover, the introduced microorganisms, which are used to inoculate the agricultural grains, stimulate plant growth and development and increase their resistance to biotic and antibiotic factors, including phytopathogens [5–9]. At the same time, rhizosphere microorganismbased biological preparations are not widely used in agriculture. Practical importance of the associated nitrogen fixation and its role in regulation of soil fertility are obviously underestimated [10, 11]. One of the factors that prevents the wide use of bacterial prepara-
tions in agriculture is the irregular repeatability of the inoculation results, which complicates the reliable p
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