Influence of Restraint Load on Injury Biomechanics in Frontal Impact Based on Dummy Test
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RESEARCH PAPER
Influence of Restraint Load on Injury Biomechanics in Frontal Impact Based on Dummy Test Sen Xiao1 · Yanchao Qie1 · Jing Huang2 · Jikuang Yang3 · Jeff Crandall4 Received: 10 August 2018 / Accepted: 22 August 2019 © Shiraz University 2019
Abstract Restraint system, especially the seatbelt, is the critical load source of the chest injury. The consequence has become the crucial part of the traffic accident, which is a great burden to the society in terms of money loss. Thus, when protecting the occupant’s safety, chest injuries from the restraint loading on the occupants should also be reduced or avoided with proper methodology during the impact. First, injuries should be analyzed with the impact condition. This study aims to reconstruct a representable sled test environment and analyze the character of the seatbelt load on chest outcomes via the widely used latest mechanical dummy by distinguishing the biomechanical response during the frontal impact. Finally, the causes and specifics of the chest injury under impact condition are studied. The study results can provide a reference for the continuous study of seatbelt protection efficiency in vehicle frontal impact. Keywords Seatbelt load · Impact response · Chest injury · THOR dummy · Impact biomechanics
1 Introduction With the development of vehicle safety facilities, the number of traffic fatalities has significantly decreased. However, the number of serious injuries is still very large (http://www. stats. gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/201602 /t20160 229_132399 1.html). As the leading cause of death in traffic accidents, chest injury is associated with 70% of all the severity injuries (Shin et al. 2009). Due to the great social burden to the public, traffic injuries especially the chest injury should be highly considered during the injury prevention research (Cavanaugh 1993; Nahum and Melvin 1993). Due to the influence of age on * Jing Huang [email protected] * Jikuang Yang [email protected] 1
School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
2
The State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design & Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
3
Department of Applied Mechanics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
4
Center for Applied Biomechanics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22911, USA
biomaterials, chest injuries from vehicle impacts are more serious for the aged people (Kent and Patrie 2005), which is mainly caused by the tissue property change and shape change of ribcage structures (Pezowicz and Głowacki 2014). Among all the loads to occupants in traffic accidents, loads from the restraint system are the most critical to chest injury outcomes. In order to simulate the chest outcomes to these various loads (like seatbelts and airbags), several studies have been conducted with types of simplified sleds (Kent and Patrie 2005; Crandall et al. 1994; Kent et al. 2004) to analyze the differences. It has been known that most of the serious ch
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