Innovative biorefinery concept for biogas-based digestate with rice bran protein-rich feed ingredient for tilapia produc
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Innovative biorefinery concept for biogas-based digestate with rice bran protein-rich feed ingredient for tilapia production Niwooti Whangchai 1 & Rameshprabu Ramaraj 2 & Kanda Whangchai 3 & Nakao Nomura 4 & Tipsukhon Pimpimol 1 Received: 18 August 2020 / Revised: 8 October 2020 / Accepted: 16 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study evaluated the nutritional value and amino acid profiles of digestate from a biogas plant, as a substitute for rice bran, in tilapia feed and measured its effects on fish yields and production costs. Four isonitrogenous (24% crude protein) diets were formulated, using digestate at levels of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%, with respective reductions in rice bran content (31%, 24%, 17%, and 9%). The experiment was a triplicated, completely randomized design (CRD), starting with 140 fish fry per cage (3.0 × 3.0 × 2.0 m). The fish were fed to satiation twice per day for 180 days. Digestate was more nutritious than rice bran, with 15.3% crude protein and exceptionally high lysine (1872 mg/100 g). Differences in the diets tested had no significant effects on fish survival rates, growth and yield, and food conversion efficiency. The present findings strongly suggest that farmers could adopt tilapia growing systems with cheap and increase aquaculture production in order to meet the fish protein need and food security. Consequently, the least expensive diet was the most cost-effective. Keywords Fish feed . Digestate meal . Tilapia . Amino acid content . Feed cost . Biorefinery
1 Introduction The anaerobic biorefinery is an advantageous concept, in which the anaerobic fermentor acts as a core for bioconversion of feedstocks (i.e., substrates) into several high-value products and intermediates. This concept has taken its shape in the last decade but has countless miles to go before a well-known system can succeed. Some of the future directions for anaerobic biorefineries could be the integration of diverse biorefinery platforms. This biorefinery concept is now gaining increased attention, utilizing anaerobic digestion as the final disposal step [1]. Biogas technology produces two valuable products, including biogas, as a source for energy production and * Tipsukhon Pimpimol [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, Sansai, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
2
School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
3
Center of Excellence in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
4
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0008, Japan
digestate as a source of semi-liquid byproducts [2–4]. Digestate (or bioslurry) can be defined as the liquid from anaerobic decomposition of animal and plant waste. Naturally, the digestate was comprised of bioactive substances [5]. It encloses significant amounts of mineral elements, containing nitrogen, ph
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