Inquiry as Inquiry: A Logic of Scientific Discovery
Is a genuine logic of scientific discovery possible? In the essays collected here, Hintikka not only defends an affirmative answer; he also outlines such a logic. It is the logic of questions and answers. Thus inquiry in the sense of knowledge-seeking bec
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JAAKKO HINTIKKA SELECTED PAPERS VOLUME 5
1. 2.
3.
4. 5.
Ludwig Wittgenstein. Half-Truths and One-and-a-Half-Truths. 1996 ISBN 0-7923-4091-4 Lingua Universalis vs. Calculus Ratiocinator. An Ultimate Presupposition of Twentieth-Century Philosophy. 1996 ISBN 0-7923-4246-1 Language, Truth and Logic in Mathematics. 1997 ISBN 0-7923-4766-8 Paradigms for Language Theory and Other Essays. 1997 ISBN 0-7923-4780-3 Inquiry as Inquiry. A Logic of Scientific Discovery. 1999 ISBN 978-90-481-5139-4
JAAKKO HINTIKKA Boston University
INQUIRY AS INQUIRY: A LOGIC OF SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY
Springer-Science+Business Media, B.Y.
A C.LP. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved ISBN 978-90-481-5139-4 ISBN 978-94-015-9313-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-015-9313-7 © 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht and copyright holders as specified on appropriate pages within. Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1999. SofIcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1999 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ORIGIN OF THE ESSAYS INTRODUCTION
Vll IX
1.
"Is Logic the Key to all Good Reasoning?"
2.
"The Role of Logic in Argumentation"
25
3.
(with IJpo Halonen and Arto Mutanen) "Interrogative Logic as a General Theory of Reasoning"
47
4.
"What Is Abduction? The Fundamental Problem of Contemporary Epistemology"
91
5.
"True and False Logics of Scientific Discovery"
115
6.
" A Spectrum of Logic of Questioning"
127
7.
"What Is the Logic of Experimental Inquiry?"
143
8.
"The Concept ofInduction in the Light of the Interrogative Approach to Inquiry"
161
9.
(with IJpo Halonen) "Semantics and Pragmatics for Why-Questions"
183
10. "The Varieties ofInformation and Scientific Explanation"
205
11. "On the Incommensurability of Theories"
227
12. "Theory-Ladenness of Observations as a Test Case of Kuhn's Approach to Scientific Inquiry"
241
13. "Ramsey Sentences and the Meaning of Quantifiers"
251
14. "Towards a General Theory ofIdentifiability"
267
ORIGIN OF THE ESSAYS
The following list indicates the first publication forums of the different essays included in the present volume (the forthcoming publication forum, if an essay appears here for the first time): 1. "Is Logic the Key to all Good Reasoning?," forthcoming. 2. "The Role of Logic in Argumentation," The Monist vol. 72, no. 1 (1989), pp. 3-24. 3. (with Ilpo Halonen and Arto Mutanen) "Interrogative Logic as a General Theory of Reasoning," forthcoming in R. Johnson and J. Woods, editors, Handbook of Applied Logic, Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht. 4. "What Is Abduction? The Fundamental Problem of Contemporary Epistemology," Transactions ofthe Charles S. Peirce Society vol. 34, (1998), pp. 503-533. 5. "True