Insect galls and their host plants in gallery forest in Bahia State, Brazil
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ECOLOGY & BIOGEOGRAPHY - ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Insect galls and their host plants in gallery forest in Bahia State, Brazil Carla Adriana Gomes da Silva Santana1 · Elaine Cotrim Costa2 · Sheila Patrícia Carvalho‑Fernandes3 · Juliana Santos‑Silva4 Received: 8 January 2020 / Revised: 19 June 2020 / Accepted: 28 July 2020 © Botanical Society of Sao Paulo 2020
Abstract Inventories of insect galls in gallery forests in Northeastern Brazil have been quite infrequent, and the richness of gallinducing insects in that vegetation type has been little unknown. To contribute to our knowledge of galls, galling insects, and their host plants from gallery forest habitats in Northeastern Brazil, we documented and characterized the macroscopic aspects of the galls, identified the plant hosts and their endemism level and surveyed the associated fauna in an area of gallery forest in Caetité, Bahia State. We found 30 different gall morphotypes on 20 host plant species belonging to 17 genera and 13 families. The main host families of galls were Leguminosae and Myrtaceae with ten and four morphotypes, respectively. Most galls occurred on leaves and were globoid, green, glabrous, and grouped. Most of the gall-inducing insect species found belonged to Diptera (Cecidomyiidae) and Coleoptera, while the associated fauna was represented by Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Collembola, and Thysanoptera. We recorded galls the first time on six plant species. These results reinforce the importance of gall inventories in gallery forest areas not yet examined to better understand gall richness, galling insects, and their host plants in that vegetation type. Keywords Associated fauna · Cecidomyiidae · Endemism · Leguminosae · Plant–insect interaction
1 Introduction Galls are structures induced by specific parasites on their host plants (Mani 1964; Ferreira et al. 2019). The main group of organism-induced galls are insects. Galls are found throughout the world, especially in the Neotropical region (Espirito-Santos and Fernandes 2007; Fernandes and Santos 2014). In Brazil, the studies of galls, galling insects, and their host plants have been well investigated in Atlantic
* Juliana Santos‑Silva [email protected] 1
Departamento de Ciências Humanas, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Caetité, BA, Brazil
2
Programa de Pós‑graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
3
Departamento de Entomologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, RJ, Brazil
4
Programa de Pós‑graduação em Biodiversidade Vegetal, Departamento de Educação‑DEDC, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Paulo Afonso, BA, Brazil
Forest (Maia 2013a) and Cerrado (Araújo 2018; Araújo et al. 2019) areas. The Brazilian Cerrado is composed of distinct phytophysiognomies, from open grassy fields (campos limpos, campos sujos, and campos cerrados), savanna formations of variable structure (known as cerrado sensu lato), and forest corridors along stream and river basins (known as
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