Insights into modification of lignocellulosic fillers with isophorone diisocyanate: structure, thermal stability and vol
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ORIGINAL
Insights into modification of lignocellulosic fillers with isophorone diisocyanate: structure, thermal stability and volatile organic compounds emission assessment Aleksander Hejna1 · Mariusz Marć2 · Katarzyna Skórczewska3 · Joanna Szulc4 · Jerzy Korol5 · Krzysztof Formela1 Received: 21 December 2019 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract This study presents an analysis of the structure and properties of different types of lignocellulosic fillers modified by isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) to provide insights into the possibility of their application to the manufacturing of wood polymer composites (WPCs). Moreover, it deals with the environmental aspects of modified fillers, by assessment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted during modification, as well as from final products. Three types of commercially available lignocellulosic fillers were modified with different content of IPDI (from 1 to 15 wt%) using the internal mixer. The main compounds detected in the air during modifications were terpenes and terpenoids. No IPDI was detected, which is very beneficial considering its toxicity. On the other hand, IPDI was emitted from modified fillers at a slightly elevated temperature of 40 °C, which was associated with a significant rise in its vapor pressure. Successful modification of fillers was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Performed modifications of lignocellulosic fillers with IPDI had a relatively small impact on their particle size and color properties. Such an effect can be considered beneficial for the mechanical performance and appearance of WPCs, which could be potentially manufactured using IPDI-modified lignocellulosic fillers.
1 Introduction One of the biggest challenges in the manufacturing of wood polymer composites (WPCs) is the improvement of interfacial interactions between hydrophilic lignocellulosic fillers and often hydrophobic polymer matrix, which are crucial for the performance of WPCs. Numerous ways to enhance these interactions have been developed, which often include different filler treatment methods, such as silanization, mercerization, acetylation, maleic anhydride treatment, esterification
and etherification, isocyanate grafting, as well as a modification with different surfactants and plasticizers (Błędzki et al. 2008; Colom et al. 2003). Such treatments can significantly improve the characteristics of obtained WPCs. However, they may cause burdens for the environment, for example, due to the use of organic solvents or emission of chemicals during modification and storage of modified fillers (Dányádi et al. 2010). Unfortunately, this issue is usually omitted in the literature.
1
Mariusz Marć [email protected]
Department of Polymer Technology, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80‑233 Gdańsk, Poland
2
Katarzyna Skórczewska [email protected]
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80‑233 Gdańsk, Poland
3
Department of
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